城市道路典型绿带结构对总悬浮颗粒物的净化效应

机动车道和非机动车道之间的隔离绿化带（简称机非隔离绿化带）对由机动车辆造成的空气总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）有较显著的净化效应。以典型结构类型的机非隔离绿化带为研究对象,通过布点采样测定空气中TSP浓度,定量地研究了道路绿化带对TSP的净化效益。同时,用郁闭度和疏透度表征了道路绿化带的配置情况,并研究其与TSP净化效率的相关性;采用灰色关联分析方法,初步探讨了TSP净化效率与温度、相对湿度、风速的相关性。结果表明：主干道机非隔离绿化带的最优结构是乔灌结构、次干道最优结构是乔灌草结构、支路3种结构类型的道路绿化带对TSP净化效率差异不明显;绿化带疏透度在10％~20%时,郁闭度在75％~90%,绿化带对TSP净化效率较高;相对湿度对TSP净化效率的影响较风速和温度大     

特尔斐—模糊综合比较法评价生态环境质量变化

根据生态系统的组成,利用特尔斐测定法选定影响环境的因子,确定其权重,现场监测调查实际资料,判定各因子的作用分值,采用模糊综合法计算出生态环境变化前后的综合分值,以判定生态环境质量变化前后的好坏。     

无花果曲霉对Cu^2＋吸附的研究

采用生物吸附法,研究了经过预处理的无花果曲霉对Cu^2 吸附行为与影响吸附的主要因素,具体包括菌丝球与Cu^2 接触反应时间、Cu^2 浓度、原初pH值3个方面。结果表明：该菌丝球在吸附进行5min时,吸附量已达量2．855mg/g,在吸附进行4h以后趋于平衡。最佳pH范围为4．0－5．0,Cu62 浓度在20－100mg/L范围内吸附量为2．763－4．713mg/g,而吸附率却为32．31％－9．54％。其吸附行为在一定的温度和一定浓度范围内较好地符合Langmuir吸附等温模型。     

La—Gly—VB6对Pb—Cd复合胁迫下植物的影响

研究Pb-Cd复合污染对5种树木叶片的生理伤害和La-Gly-VB6对Pb-Cd污染胁迫的缓解作用。实验结果表明,La-Gly-VB6能明显减轻Pb-Cd污染造成的植物叶片叶绿素含量下降、质膜透性增加,过氧化氢酶活性改变和Pb富集量上升。说明La-Gly-VB6对Pb-Cd污染胁迫具有一定的防护作用。     

山东省潍坊市冰雹灾害发生规律及防灾措施

根据1991～1995年的气象观测资料,对滩坊市近期冰雹灾害发生规律进行了分析,同时提出了预防冰雹灾害的措施,着重指出了利用高炮和火箭防雹的科学性和可行性。     

区域易损性分析、评估及易损度区划：—以重庆市为例

根据重庆市建国50年来的灾害统计资料,选取灾害密度、灾害频数、经济（GDP）损失模数、生命易损模数等易损性评价指标,在详尽分析了重庆市各区县市易性的基础上,对重庆市各区县市的脆弱性和易损强度进行了综合评估,并且计算出了各区县市的易损度,结合GIS方法对重庆进行了易损度区划。并借此提出域易损性分析、评估的模式、为区域防灾、减灾规划提供科学依据。     

试论灾害教育在防灾减灾中的作用

人类社会在迅速发展的同时,遭受着多种灾害现实的或潜在的威胁与破坏。在我国,在整个防灾减灾工作的链环中,有关灾害的教育环节还十分薄弱,缺口很大,由此也导致公众的灾害意识还相当薄弱。本文即是从“人为营造”的灾害入手,系统地阐述了灾害教育在我国减灾防灾中的重要作用。     

沿海和河口城市防灾设防标准系统分析

本文针对天津、上海、青岛等三种不同类型的沿海、河口城市,运用灰色理论、随机模拟等方法进行了洪水、风暴湖、巨浪等环境因素的计算,并进行了灾害经济损失的风险分析,给出了不同的防灾设防标准。     

Evaluating Controlling Factors to Ali/(Ca + Mg) Molar Ratio in Acidic Soil Water, Southern and Southwestern China: Multivariate Approach

Al_i/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio in soil water has been used as an indicator to the effects of acid deposition on terrestrial ecosystems. However, the main factors controlling this ratio have not been well documented in southern and southwestern China. In this study, we presented the variation in inorganic aluminum (Al_i) and Al_i/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio in different sites and soil horizons based on two to three years monitoring data, and evaluated the main factors controlling Al_i/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio using principle component analysis (PCA) and partial least square (PLS) regression. Monitoring data showed although Al_i/(Ca + Mg) molar ratios in most soil water were lower than assumed critical 1.0, higher molar ratios were found in some soil water at TSP and LXH site. Besides acid loading, both soil properties and soil water chemistry affected the value of Al_i/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio in soil water. Partial least square (PLS) indicated that they had different relative importance in different soil horizons. In A-horizon, soil aluminum saturation (AlS) had higher influence on Al_i/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio than soil water chemistry did; higher soil aluminum saturation (AlS) led to higher Al_i/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio in soil water. In the deeper horizons (i.e., B₁-, B₂- and BC-horizon), inorganic aluminum (Al_i) in soil water had more and more important role in regulating Al_i/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio. On regional scale, soil aluminum saturation (AlS) as well as cation exchange capacity (CEC) was the dominant factor controlling Al_i/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio. This should be paid enough attention on when making regional acid rain control policy in China.     

液化气装置平台的抗震加固

针对装置平台抗震能力的现状 ,研究了江苏油田真武液化气装置平台的抗震加固。即在原设备不拆除的情况下 ,提出了对框架梁、柱采用钢构套进行加固 ,并对框架柱采用钢构斜支撑加翼补强的加固设计方案和具体的加固措施。经加固后的装置平台 ,整体抗震性能得到提高 ,从而消除了隐患 ,增强了日常工作的可靠性。