定电位电解法和非分散红外法测定误差分析

随着环保部和中国环境监测总站对标准的更新,非分散红外吸收法测定固定污染源废气中二氧化硫和氮氧化物已列入国家环境监测标准方法,并在各级环境监测站中逐渐普及应用。同时,作为国家标准的定电位电解法依然在用,且测量的可靠性、稳定性能良好。在相同环境下使用两种方法同时测定同一污染源废气中的二氧化硫和氮氧化物,探讨了其结果间产生偏差的原因,并对各种影响因素进行了分析和评价。     

Levels,profile and distribution of Dechloran Plus (DP) and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in the environment of Pakistan

No scientific data is available on emerging contaminants including Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) and Dechloran Plus (DP) levels in the environment in Pakistan. Levels of PBDEs and DP were determined in the soil, sediment and atmospheric samples along the stretch of River Ravi in Punjab Province. Average concentrations of ΣPBDEs in atmosphere, soils and sediments were 36 pg m⁻³, 40 ng g⁻¹ and 640 ng g⁻¹. BDE-209 was the most abundant PBDE congener, showing that deca-BDE accounts for most of the total PBDE emitted in the environment of Pakistan. Total DP levels were calculated as 88 pg m⁻³, 0.8 ng g⁻¹ and 1.9 ng g⁻¹ in air, soil and sediment samples, respectively. The lower average fractions of anti-DP showed significant differences to those of the technical mixtures, indicating the lack of DP production source in Pakistan.     

西部大开发中生态环境建设应重视的问题及对策

党中央决定实施西部大开发战略,并把生态环境建设列为优先发展的位置。西部地区自然条件严酷,恢复林草植被难度较大,进行大规模的生态建设,必须结合实际,科学规划,有计划分步骤实施,加大投入,加强管护力度,依靠科技,提高治理效果,促进西部地区乃至全国经济和社会的发展。     

基于遥感技术的生态保护红线区域监测与评价

从生态保护红线区域监管需求出发,利用遥感技术建立生态保护红线区域监测方法,并采用生态保护红线区域自然生态系统构成及变化、生态景观平均斑块面积变化和NDVI植被指数变化3个评价指标,对江苏省盐城沿海地区2012-2013年各类型生态保护红线区域生态环境变化进行了评价.结果表明,水源水质保护和生物多样性保护红线区域生态环境质量综合指数相对较高;桑蚕品种多样性保护红线区域自然生态系统类型占比较低,生态景观较为破碎,生态环境质量综合指数相对较低;大部分生态红线区域生态环境质量保持稳定.     

2017年除夕至初一期间湖南省城市环境空气污染特征分析

对2017年除夕至初一期间（1月27—28日）,湖南省14个市州的78个城市环境空气自动监测站点数据进行了分析。结果表明,烟花爆竹的集中燃放会在短时间内造成严重的大气污染,其中,对PM₁₀和PM_2.5影响最为显著,其次是SO₂,NO₂和O₃受影响程度相对最小。集中燃放烟花对PM₁₀和PM_2.5的小时值增长倍数贡献明显。对全省14个城市PM₁₀和PM_2.5的小时值最大贡献量分别为195～652和116~680 μg/m³;最大增高倍数分别为1.8~10.5倍和2.2~15.8倍。其中对郴州市的影响程度最高。城市集中燃放烟花爆竹期间,ρ（PM_2.5）/ρ（PM₁₀）明显上升,初一01:00最大值为0.69。气象条件也是影响春节期间空气质量的重要因素,风速小、逆温强、湿度大和无降水等不利气象条件使污染物浓度不断累积,形成持续性污染过程。     

Different hydrodynamic processes regulated on water quality (nutrients,dissolved oxygen,and phytoplankton biomass) in three contrasting waters of Hong Kong

The subtropical Hong Kong (HK) waters are located at the eastern side of the Pearl River Estuary. Monthly changes of water quality, including nutrients, dissolved oxygen (DO), and phytoplankton biomass (Chl-a) were routinely investigated in 2003 by the Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department in three contrasting waters of HK with different prevailing hydrodynamic processes. The western, eastern, and southern waters were mainly dominated by nutrient-replete Pearl River discharge, the nutrient-poor coastal/shelf oceanic waters, and mixtures of estuarine and coastal seawater and sewage effluent of Hong Kong, respectively. Acting in response, the water quality in these three contrasting areas showed apparently spatial–temporal variation pattern. Nutrients usually decreased along western waters to eastern waters. In the dry season, the water column was strongly mixed by monsoon winds and tidal currents, which resulted in relatively low Chl-a (<5 μg l^?1) and high bottom DO (>4 mg l^?1), suggesting that mixing enhanced the buffering capacity of eutrophication in HK waters. However, in the wet season, surface Chl-a was generally >10 μg l^?1 in southern waters in summer due to halocline and thermohaline stratification, adequate nutrients, and light availability. Although summer hypoxia (DO <2 mg l^?1) was episodically observed near sewage effluent site and in southern waters induced by vertical stratification, the eutrophication impacts in HK waters were not as severe as expected owing to P limitation and short water residence time in the wet season.     

珠三角区域空气质量预报方法及预报效果评估

介绍了珠三角区域空气质量预报的"六步法"流程,并对2015年空气质量等级和首要污染物预报准确率进行评估研究。结果表明,2015年珠三角区域空气质量以优良为主,24 h等级预报准确率1月最高2月最低,平均准确率为87.6%;出现的首要污染物种类包括PM2.5,PM10,O3-8 h和NO2,预报准确率9月最高3月最低,平均准确率为72.7%。     

湖库污染底泥环保疏浚工程环评要点探讨

以滇池草海污染底泥疏挖及处置工程为例,分析了湖库底泥疏挖项目环境影响评价因素识别与评价重点,探讨了施工期对水域水质及周围景观影响、施工期恶臭、噪声等的环境影响评价要点,底泥堆放对地下水与土壤环境影响、堆放恶臭对环境影响的评价要点,及疏挖工程的环境效益与运营期对周围生态环境影响分析的要点。针对该类工程在疏挖、余水处理和污染底泥堆存过程中的二次污染问题,提出了切实可行的二次污染防治对策。     

Residents’ concerns and attitudes toward a municipal solid waste landfill: integrating a questionnaire survey and GIS techniques

The ever-growing industry of municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal appeals to the growing need for disposal facilities, and MSW treatment facilities are increasingly an environmental and public health concern. Residents living near MSW management facilities are confronted with various risk perceptions, especially odour. In this study, in an effort to assist responsible decision-makers in better planning and managing such a project, a structured questionnaire was designed and distributed to assess the nearby residents’ concerns and attitudes surrounding the Laogang Landfill in Shanghai. Geographic information system techniques and relevance analysis were employed to conduct the spatial analysis of physical perceptions, especially odour annoyance. The findings of the research indicate that a significant percentage of the responding sample was aware of the negative impacts of landfills on the environment and public health, and residents in close proximity preferred to live farther from the landfill. The results from the spatial analysis demonstrated a definite degree of correlation between odour annoyance and distance to the facility and proved that the benefits of the socially disadvantaged have been neglected. The research findings also direct attention to the important role of public participation, information disclosure, transparency in management, and mutual communication to avoid conflicts and build social trust.     

安全价值观契合对矿工安全行为的影响:一个链式中介模型

为探索个人-组织安全价值观契合对矿工安全行为的影响机制,通过理论分析和文献研究提出研究假设模型;编制测量问卷,采用方便抽样法对640名矿工进行问卷调查;通过结构方程建模分析验证假设模型.结果 表明:个人-组织安全价值观契合、安全自我效能感、工作投入和安全行为两两之间显著正相关;个人-组织安全价值观契合不仅直接影响矿工的...