几种农村分散式污水处理工艺效益评价研究

运用生命周期思想剖析了苏南地区多种分散型农村生活污水处理工艺的结构因子及效益组成要素,构建了包括环境效益、技术性能、经济性能3个准则在内的以13项指标组成的效益评价体系。将其应用于国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大科技专项具体工程评价。结果表明,6种工艺中蚯蚓生物滤池综合效益得分最高,其次依次是氧化沟、生物接触氧化、SBR、AO2、MBR。根据评价结果提出了组合工艺法和限制因素法2种改进方案,分析结果显示,蚯蚓生物滤池同样具有较大的改良空间。     

Study on Management and Control of Nonpoint Source Pollution from Urban Surface Runoff

Abstract

Urbanization is the dominant form of land-use change in terms of impacts on water quality, hydrology, physical properties of watersheds and their nonpoint source (NPS) pollution potential at present. Urbanization has changed the source, process and sink of urban NPS pollution, especially raised the pollution load of urban runoff NPS in receiving water. Urban runoff pollution is a hot spot of research on NPS. This paper analyzed type, source and harm of the NPS pollutants of urban runoff and its influence on the receiving water. Through estimating NPS pollution load of urban runoff and summarizing the law and characteristics of urban runoff NPS systemically, study on management and control of urban runoff NPS pollution was focused on the application of BMPs (best management practices). It is a fresh methodology that management and control on NPS pollution from urban surface runoff was analyzed by methods of landscape ecology, environmental economics and environmental management. The paper provided a scientific reference for mitigating urban water environment pressure and an effective method for management and control of NPS pollution from urban surface runoff.     

欧盟化学品环境管理战略研究与启示

贯彻化学物质的全生命周期环境风险管理理念,加强新污染物治理,深入打好污染防治攻坚战,是促进经济社会发展全面绿色转型的重要内容。以欧洲化学品可持续战略为主线,分析欧盟与化学品相关的环境管理战略与行动计划,从化学品的安全可持续设计、环境零化学污染、化学物质风险评估机制和风险管理方法等方面进行研究,通过问题总结、差距比对,分析提出对我国开展化学品环境管理工作的启示,对推动精准治污、科学治污、依法治污,促进生态文明建设,有重要借鉴意义。     

The effect and its critical window for ambient temperature and humidity in pregnancy on term low birth weight

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - As common meteorological factors in daily life, there is limited evidence for the effect of ambient temperature and humidity during pregnancy on the...     

长江感潮河段有机碳的潮汐和季节变化规律

以长江感潮河段─南通段为研究对象,于2019年逐月采集涨潮和落潮期间分层水体样品. 测定了颗粒有机碳（particulate organic carbon, POC）和溶解有机碳（dissolved organic carbon, DOC）浓度,并同步进行了不同营养盐添加的室内模拟实验,测定了生物可降解溶解有机碳（biodegradable DOC, BDOC）的浓度. 研究结果表明,底层POC浓度最高,中层POC浓度最低. POC浓度与潮高呈显著负相关,与水温没有显著相关性. 表层、中层和底层DOC浓度没有显著差异,DOC浓度均值为（7.55 ± 1.50） mg·L^-1. 涨潮和落潮DOC浓度没有显著差异,DOC浓度与水温呈显著正相关. BDOC在DOC中的占比为40.88% ± 13.91%,不同营养盐添加处理的BDOC在DOC中的占比没有显著差异. BDOC浓度和潮高呈显著正相关. 这些研究结果表明,与POC 不同, DOC和BDOC具有显著季节变化规律. 长江下游潮汐作用对有机碳的分布具有重要影响,涨潮对POC产生稀释作用,但促进了DOC生物可降解性的升高.     

Effect of Brown-Rotted Spruce as Lignin-Enriched Filler on the Properties of Reinforced Polyurethane Foam

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - The study investigated the effect of lignocellulosic biomass filler decayed by brown-rot fungi on the preparation and properties of polyurethane (PU) foam....     

Carboxymethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin influence on the solubility and toxicity of substituted indole compounds

The solubilization of eight selected substituted indole compounds (SICs) by carboxymethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (CMCD) in water is reported. The results show that their solubility was well improved in CMCD aqueous solution, and the stoichiometry of inclusion complex of the studied SICs with CMCD was 1: 1. The acute toxicity to Photobacterium phosphoreum of the investigated SICs in CMCD aqueous solutions was also investigated and was compared with that in water. The results show that the toxicity of five studied SICs decreased while the toxicity of the rest three SICs increased in CMCD aqueous solutions, but neither the increase nor the decrease was significant.     

有机肥施用对珠三角菜地土壤磷污染风险的初步研究

通过田间小区试验研究有机肥施用量对菜心产量、土壤磷形态的影响,分析土壤磷形态之间的相关性,评估菜地红壤磷污染风险。结果表明,有机肥施用并未提高菜心的产量和生物量,而超过一定使用量之后,反而降低菜心产量和生物量;土壤无机磷形态以Fe-P和Al-P为主,占土壤无机磷质量分数的90%以上。有机肥施用提高土壤各形态无机磷的质量分数,且有机肥用量越高,土壤Fe-P、Al-P、Ca-P和O-P质量分数越高。有机肥过量施用显著提高土壤速效磷和水溶性磷质量分数;分别对Olsen-P和CaCl2-P与各形态磷进行逐步回归分析,只有Olsen-P和CaCl2-P与Ca-P具有线性关系（p〈0.05）,方程为Y1=36.95＋0.622 1X,Y2=-0.102 5＋0.048 6X。表明施用有机肥下,Ca-P是菜地土壤有效磷的最直接来源,可以作为红壤磷污染风险评价指标。     

Fenton氧化+气浮+厌氧+好氧工艺处理仲丁灵农药生产废水

采用Fenton氧化+气浮对仲丁灵农药生产废水进行预处理后,ρ(COD)<6 000 mg/L,色度<1 500倍,废水的可生化性大大提高。经过预处理后的生产废水与厂区生活污水混合后进入水解酸化+曝气生物滤池进行生化处理,处理后出水各项水质指标可达GB8978-1996《国家污水综合排放标准》一级标准。     

高浓度硫酸盐核黄素生产废水处理的应用研究

介绍了硫酸盐还原+生物脱硫+气浮+UASB+CASS工艺处理高硫酸盐核黄素生产废水的应用实例。对设计工艺流程、主要参数、调试与运行情况以及处理效果作了说明。该组合工艺对核黄素生产废水中的COD、SO24-具有很好的去除效果,出水各指标达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》三级标准。