光催化氧化法降解废气中苯系物的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶工艺制备以多孔泡沫镍为载体的TiO2薄膜，并用其光催化氧化降解挥发性苯系物(苯、甲苯和二甲苯)。考察了催化剂粒径、反应时间、苯系物的初始浓度、体系的相对湿度和反应温度等因素对苯系物去除率的影响。结果表明，以粒径20．7nm的TiO2为催化剂、甲苯初始质量浓度为200mg/m^3、体系的相对湿度为5％、反应温度为20—50℃、反应时间为60min条件下，甲苯的去除率达76％以上。     

超临界流体技术在化工污染治理中的应用

对于许多化工产品废物,如塑料、有毒物质、生物污泥和有机废水等,利用传统技术进行处理的效果较差。超临界流体(SCF)技术作为一种清洁环境的新技术,可用于治理化工污染物。SCF作为反应介质或反应物可替代有毒、有害有机溶剂;用作萃取剂,它是一种新型的分离技术;以SCF作移动相的色谱,可提高检测灵敏度和分辨率;将超临界水作为氧化剂,可破坏有机污染物的结构。SCF技术的应用可以大大减少环境污染。     

Effects of Zn-In-Sn elements on the electric properties of magnesium alloy anode materials

A new magnesium alloy anode is based on an environmentally friendly electrode that contains none of mercury, lead and chromate, but it can enhance the electric properties of alloy significantly. Magnesium alloy adding eco-friendly elements Zn-In-Sn which was developed by orthogonal design were obtained by two casting methods. The effect of additive elements on performance of electrode material was studied. The effects of elements addition and casting method on electric properties and corrosive properties of Mg-Zn-In-Sn alloys were investigated by using electrochemical measurements, corrosive tests and observation of surface structure. The results show that Mg-Zn-In-Sn alloy anode has higher electromotive force and more stable work potential than that commercial magnesium alloy AZ91. It is suitable for anode material of magnesium battery for its small hydrogen evolution, less self-corrosion rate and easy to shed corrosive offspring off.     

双氰胺-甲醛絮凝剂处理硝基酚类印染废水的脱色和COD去除效果研究

利用改性双氰胺甲醛絮凝剂处理硝基酚类印染废水,改性絮凝剂n(双氰胺+尿素):n(氯化铵):n(氯酸盐):n(甲醛)=1.0:1.2:0.06:1.5。染料的脱色率和COD去除率都随着改性絮凝剂用量的增加而增加,投加1000mg/L絮凝剂时,脱色率和COD去除率分别可达85%、84%,该改性双氰胺絮凝剂具有很好的脱色和COD去除效率,其经济性也较好。     

城市钢厂环境影响分析

以典型城市钢厂为例分析了城市钢厂对周边环境的影响,并提出实现城市钢厂可持续发展的对策建议。     

如何建立公路声屏障产品质量控制体系

笔者通过对国内公路声屏障产品质量的关注,深入剖析产生产品质量问题的内在原因及外部环境。提出建立公路声屏障产品质量控制体系的思路与实施方法,供大家一起探讨和完善。     

Reproductive toxicity of organic extracts from petrochemical plant effluents discharged to the Yangtze River, China

Water pollution of the Yangtze River in China became one of challenges that the government is facing today. Increasing numbers of petrochemical plants were built along the river in past decades, and numbers of organic chemicals were discharged into the river. Our goal was to establish in vitro system on rat sertoli cells, spermatogenic cells and leydig cells to investigate the reproductive toxicity potential induced by organic extracts from petrochemical effluents. Our results showed that the organic extract depressed the viability (p < 0.01) and destroyed the plasma membrane integrity of sertoli cells and spermatogenic cells to a certain degree. Accordingly, proportion of early apoptotic sertoli cells and late apoptotic spermatogenic cells increased significantly. Although significant morphological changes were not detected for leydig cells, the extract was observed to inhibit their testosterone production (p < 0.01). Sertoli cells and spermatogenic cells appeared to be more sensitive and maybe the main targets of the key toxins. These results suggested that the in vitro system on rat testicular cells may be useful to predicate reproductive toxicity potential of organic extracts from petrochemical effluents. More attention should be paid to the petrochemical effluents, because long-term accumulation of these organic compounds in organisms may cause spermatogenesis malfunction and testosterone reduction.     

间歇曝气法处理青霉素废水试验研究

试验研究了间歇曝气法处理青霉素废水过程中pH值、处理周期、温度、冲击负荷对处理效果的影响。该法中的兼氧及好氧菌能在不需对青霉素废水中的SO4^2-和“1231”进行物化预处理的前提下有效地降解废水中的有机物。进水COD浓度可达10000mg／1,COD去除率在85％以上,投配负荷达7kgCOD／m^3·d,最大冲击负荷达14kgCOD／m^3·d。青霉素废水中“1231”产生的泡沫不会影响SBR处理装置的正常运行。在曝气过程中泡沫可自行消失。“1231”去除率高达97％以上。提出间歇曝气法是处理青霉素废水一条较理想的途径。     

区域公路环境影响评价计算机辅助系统开发研究

公路环境影响评价是一个多层次、多因素、多目标的复杂系统,如何建立一个科学的综合评价指标体系,采用定量与定性相结合的原则,实现直观、简单、高效的评价方法,减少人工计算的失误率,给决策者一个准确的评价结论,一直是公路建设者的难题。介绍了利用VB可视化语言进行编程开发,实现了计算机辅助区域公路建设项目环境影响评价系统操作,为环境保护主管部门审查建设项目环境影响报告提供了便捷的工具。经过测试证明,该系统数学模型简单,评价指标体系科学,运行稳定,对于快速进行区域公路建设项目环境影响评价与预测有很强的实用性。     

与薜荔性别相关的SRAP分子标记

薜荔植株的雌、雄性别在结果前难以通过枝叶等形态特征进行辨别.薜荔实生树定植后需3～5 a才能开花结果,而不同性别的薜荔植株有着不同的经济价值.本文将序列相关扩增多态性(SRAP)标记首次应用于植物性别鉴别研究,以期能够在薜荔苗期鉴别出个体的性别,从而提高栽培效益,缩短育种进程.实验以薜荔雌、雄植株生殖枝上当年生叶为材料,用优化的十六烷基三甲基溴化胺(CTAB)法提取其伞基因组DNA.利用SRAP标记技术对薜荔雌、雄株进行性别鉴别研究,建立了完整的PCR反应体系,扩增效果好,结果稳定可靠,可重复性强.在153个SRAP两引物和1 500个三引物中,只有引物me1-em2-em14扩增得到1条雌性多态性片段.此片段存在于试验所用材料的所有雌株中而雄株没有,将其命名为FPme1-em2-em14230.研究结果表明,SRAP标记可在薜荔分子生物学研究领域中广泛应用.