中国电池生产用汞量调查分析及削减对策

在调查分析中国2004年含汞电池的种类及用汞情况的基础上,对该行业的总用汞量进行了估算,并与1995年和2000年的数据进行了对比,分析了用汞量的变化趋势及其主要影响因素,提出了中国用汞量削减的主要对策。结果表明,电池行业的总用汞量呈显著下降后逐年上升趋势,扣式碱锰电池是今后用汞量削减的关键;该变化趋势是国内外限汞政策和经济快速发展导致的电池产品需求量增加综合作用的结果;其削减应主要集中于强化对现有低汞或无汞化政策的执行力度,加快扣式碱锰电池和糊式锌锰电池的无汞化进程,应尽快建立汞生产和销售环节的监督管理机制,建立含汞废电池的回收管理机制。     

Distribution coefficients of nitrogen pollutants between water and sediment and their environmental risks in Lingang hybrid constructed wetland fed by industrial tailwater,Tianjin, China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Exploring the fate of nitrogen pollutants in constructed wetlands (CWs) fed by industrial tailwater is significant to strengthen its pollution control...     

P and trace metal contents in biomaterials, soils, sediments and plants in colony of red-footed booby (Sula sula) in the Dongdao Island of South China Sea

Concentrations of P and trace metals Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb and Hg in the faeces, bones, eggshells and feathers of seabirds and in the plants, soils and sediments with and without seabird influence on Dongdao Island, South China Sea, were determined and analyzed. Among the seabird biomaterials, the levels of P, Zn, Cu and Cd are the highest in the droppings and several times those in other materials; the Hg concentration is the highest in the feathers; and the Pb content is comparable among these biomaterials. These marked differences indicate different intake-bioaccumulation-elimination pathways for different trace metals. The levels of P, Zn, Cu, Cd and Hg in the plant, soil and sediment samples with the influence of seabird droppings are significantly higher than those in the samples without, and they are significantly correlated with each other. Thus, P, Zn, Cu, Cd and Hg are very likely to have a common source-predominantly bird guano-and the faeces of red-footed booby is an important vector for the flux of nutrient phosphorus and trace metals Zn, Cu, Cd and Hg from marine to island ecosystems on Dongdao Island.     

空间溢出视角下的环境规制与绿色发展——困境还是协调？

绿色发展是未来经济发展的必然趋势,提升绿色全要素生产率是实现绿色发展的重要途径,环境规制是解决环境问题的有效保障。本文采用2004—2019年30个省级面板数据,构建动态空间杜宾模型,实证研究了环境总体规制、工业废气规制、工业废水规制、工业固体废物规制和光污染规制对绿色全要素生产率的空间溢出影响。研究发现,环境总体规制对本地绿色全要素生产率的影响呈U形,工业废气规制、工业废水规制和工业固体废物规制的研究结果存在同一规律,而光污染规制起抑制作用。总体规制对邻地绿色全要素生产率的影响呈倒U形,具体规制的影响各不相同,工业废气规制与总体规制的结果类似,而工业废水规制的空间溢出效应表现为负,工业固体废物规制和光污染规制的空间溢出效应不显著。本文从实证角度验证了“绿水青山”和“金山银山”的兼容性,环境规制和效率提升并不矛盾。在制定环境政策时,需考虑区域间的相互协调和实际产业情况。     

初始pH值、液固比对某焚烧炉灰重金属渗滤的影响

对某煤和垃圾混烧流化床焚烧炉的一种灰样品进行了TCLP试验 ,研究了初始渗滤液pH值变化以及液固比变化对该灰中重金属渗滤特性的影响 .在初始渗滤液pH =6之前 ,渗滤后溶液的pH值升高迅速 ,pH =6之后 ,趋势缓慢 .试验结果表明灰中重金属极易在酸性环境中渗滤 .随着初始渗滤液液固比的增大 ,渗滤后溶液的pH值下降 ,渗滤液中的重金属浓度上升 ,灰中的重金属随液固比的增大不断滤出直至饱和状态 .     

颗粒层除尘器过滤状态压力损失的研究

根据Ｍｅｈｔｅｒ等人提出的过滤状态下颗粒层除尘顺压力梯度比表达式，建立了压力损失数学模型，该模型表明过滤状态下的压力损失与初始压力损失，粉尘在颗粒层中的沉积率和积灰量有关。收石英砂颗粒层的压力损失的实验结果，确定了粉尘沉积率计算公式，最终得出了过滤状态下颗粒层压力损失随过滤时间和粉尘在颗粒层中积灰量的变化规律，从而为合理地选择过滤风速和确定清灰制度提供了依据。     

废水生物处理中有毒物质毒性阀值影响因素分析

在废水生物处理过程中,存在对微生物具有抑制的毒性物质,影响废水的生物处理。不同控制条件下,有毒物质毒性阀值有很大差异。文中就pH、水温、溶解氧、处理工艺、水力停留时间、生物体浓度、驯化等因素对有毒物质毒性阀值的影响进行了较系统的分析,在此基础上提出研究废水生物处理中毒性阀值需要解决的问题。     

基于卫星遥感数据(AOD)估算PM2.5的研究进展

雾霾天气的频繁出现,不断向人们警示中国大气环境污染的严重性.细颗粒物PM2.5作为空气质量评价指标之一,由于粒径小、为有毒性物质提供载体的特性,对人们的健康和生活产生很大的负面影响.近年来,PM2.5的相关研究引起了世界各国研究者的广泛关注,通过地基手段获得PM2.5质量浓度受到环境、地理等因素的限制,而利用卫星遥感技术估算地面PM2.5质量浓度,覆盖面广、估算精度可靠,对环境污染监测和治理具有重要意义.在综合了国内外关于气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)估算PM2.5文献的基础上,对AOD和PM2.5的数据源和估算的方法及手段作了简要介绍,分析总结了AOD与PM2.5相关性与PM2.5遥感估算的模型,并展望了未来PM2.5研究的发展方向.     

An early warning method of landscape ecological security in rapid urbanizing coastal areas and its application in Xiamen, China

Based on the Pressure-State-Response (P-S-R) approach, an index system for landscape ecological security (LES) was suggested using three dimensions, six factors, and three weights. The indicators in the system were divided into two groups: spatial interpolation (acquired by the remote sensing data) and non-spatial interpolation (acquired by consultation with experts). According to data of 2003 and 2006, coupled with current tendencies, the early warning method was classified into four categories: security and degradation, sub-security and slow degradation, sub-security and rapid degradation, and insecurity. Our research with early warning method finds three interesting phenomena: (1) mean value of LES in 2003 was 0.586, indicating medium security; while in 2006 it was 0.650, an upper medium security. The LES level within each districts of Xiamen in 2006 was better than the level in 2003. In terms of LES, the comprehensive condition within each district of Xiamen in 2006 was enhanced compared with 2003. Overall, there was improvement in 80.5% of areas from 2003 to 2006, showing promising signs of positive development. (2) The LES of Xiang’an District and Jimei District were in stages of high early warning given that the percentage of land in these districts that showed symptoms of insecurity and degradation was 41.03 and 34.89%, respectively. (3) On the whole, the areas that showed notable signs of insecurity and rapid landscape, and which can already be identified as early warning areas requiring immediate attention, correspond closely with the distribution of coastal industrial parks in these regions. In conclusion, the consequences of rapid industrialization and urbanization are far reaching and affect local and regional ecological security.     

我国沿海地区台风灾害影响研究

通过分析近１１３ａ来登陆和影响我国的台风在沿海地区的时空分布特征,讨论了台风的四个直接致灾因素（风、浪、风暴潮、暴雨）对我国沿海省份的影响。最后,对我国沿海地区受台风影响的危险度进行了区域划分