活性炭碘值的测量不确定度评定

本文依据GB/T7702.7-2008,对活性炭碘值测量过程中的不确定度分量进行了分析和评定,定量表征了测量结果的可信程度。测量不确定度主要来源于碘标准滴定溶液、滴定过程、重复性引入的不确定度,从而对此测量方法的准确性进行了科学的判断。     

医疗废物典型物料热解过程中无机氯的气相迁移规律

在温度为600～900℃、氮气气氛下.用管式炉实验台对医疗废物典型组分--棉花和聚丙烯(PP)进行了快速热解实验.为了研究氯的迁移规律,对物料添加了适量的盐水,结果表明,医疗废物典型组分和NaCl溶液混合热解的过程中Cl的析出随着热解温度、热解时间和物料与Cl元素质量配比的改变而改变.研究发现,Cl的析出峰在以棉花为物料时出现在800℃,而用PP为物料时出现在700℃;随着热解时间的变化,Cl的析出率呈现不规律的变化:700℃棉花热解实验中,热解时间5min时.Cl的析出率只有0.0002,在10min时,析出率达到了0.0003;而在800℃棉花的热解实验中,5min时Cl的析出率为0.00062.而随着热解时间的增加,10min时,Cl的析出率却降到了0.00045.同时还发现,随着Cl元素含量的增加.其析出率也在提高,当Cl和物料质量比值增加1倍时,Cl的析出率也随着温度的变化相应的增加2～4倍.     

原油储罐雷击危害及对策

介绍了雷电形成、分类和各种危害,分析了目前原油储罐在防雷方面存在的问题,提出了非金属原油罐、金属原油罐和浮顶原油罐预防雷击的措施.     

中国电池生产用汞量调查分析及削减对策

在调查分析中国2004年含汞电池的种类及用汞情况的基础上,对该行业的总用汞量进行了估算,并与1995年和2000年的数据进行了对比,分析了用汞量的变化趋势及其主要影响因素,提出了中国用汞量削减的主要对策。结果表明,电池行业的总用汞量呈显著下降后逐年上升趋势,扣式碱锰电池是今后用汞量削减的关键;该变化趋势是国内外限汞政策和经济快速发展导致的电池产品需求量增加综合作用的结果;其削减应主要集中于强化对现有低汞或无汞化政策的执行力度,加快扣式碱锰电池和糊式锌锰电池的无汞化进程,应尽快建立汞生产和销售环节的监督管理机制,建立含汞废电池的回收管理机制。     

Distribution coefficients of nitrogen pollutants between water and sediment and their environmental risks in Lingang hybrid constructed wetland fed by industrial tailwater,Tianjin, China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Exploring the fate of nitrogen pollutants in constructed wetlands (CWs) fed by industrial tailwater is significant to strengthen its pollution control...     

P and trace metal contents in biomaterials, soils, sediments and plants in colony of red-footed booby (Sula sula) in the Dongdao Island of South China Sea

Concentrations of P and trace metals Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb and Hg in the faeces, bones, eggshells and feathers of seabirds and in the plants, soils and sediments with and without seabird influence on Dongdao Island, South China Sea, were determined and analyzed. Among the seabird biomaterials, the levels of P, Zn, Cu and Cd are the highest in the droppings and several times those in other materials; the Hg concentration is the highest in the feathers; and the Pb content is comparable among these biomaterials. These marked differences indicate different intake-bioaccumulation-elimination pathways for different trace metals. The levels of P, Zn, Cu, Cd and Hg in the plant, soil and sediment samples with the influence of seabird droppings are significantly higher than those in the samples without, and they are significantly correlated with each other. Thus, P, Zn, Cu, Cd and Hg are very likely to have a common source-predominantly bird guano-and the faeces of red-footed booby is an important vector for the flux of nutrient phosphorus and trace metals Zn, Cu, Cd and Hg from marine to island ecosystems on Dongdao Island.     

Sustainable production in circular economy: aerogel upscaling production

Environmental Science and Pollution Research -     

辛集市"十三五"期间空气质量特征分析

重点对河北省辛集市"十三五"期间整体空气质量变化情况以及影响辛集市优良天数的2个重要参数O₃和PM_2.5的污染规律进行了分析。结果表明,辛集市"十三五"期间空气质量改善明显,优良天数整体增加,污染天数整体减少。O₃浓度及其作为首要污染物出现的天数整体呈现上升趋势,对综合指数的贡献率逐年增加;O₃污染高发期主要集中在4—9月,高值区域分布差距较大,但市区污染持续突出。PM_2.5浓度逐年下降,以PM_2.5为首要污染物的天数逐年减少;PM_2.5浓度季节变化特征整体呈现"秋冬高、春夏低"的分布特点,空间分布呈"南北高、中间低"的污染特征。     

水中重金属锑在线自动监测技术在湘江上游典型区域水环境预警中的应用

锑（Sb）是湘江上游部分区域的特征重金属污染因子，为精准助力Sb污染预警与防控，基于2-（5-溴-2-吡啶偶氮）-5-二乙氨基酚（5-Br-PADAP）分光光度法，采用优化的在线自动监测仪自动测定地表水中的Sb。测定结果表明，测试范围为0～0.10 mg/L，检出限≤1 μg/L，相对误差≤±10%，相对标准偏差≤5%，实际水样加标回收率范围为88.2% ～104%。该方法适用于地表水中Sb的自动在线监测，可为环境管理部门对水中Sb等重金属的污染预警、溯源、防控等环境决策提供准确依据。