Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in chicken tissues and eggs from an electronic waste recycling area in southeast China

The levels and distributions of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in chicken tissues from an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling area in southeast China were investigated. Human dietary intake by local residents via chicken muscle and eggs was estimated. The mean PBDEs concentrations in tissues ranged from 15.2 to 3138.1 ng/g lipid weight (lw) and in egg the concentration was 563.5 ng/g lw. The results showed that the level of total PBDEs (PPBDEs) in the chicken tissue was 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than those reported in the literature. The large di erence of PPBDEs concentrations between tissues confirmed that the distribution of PBDEs in tissues depend on tissue-specificity rather than the “lipid-compartment”. BDE-209 was the predominant congener (82.5%– 94.7% of PPBDEs) in all chicken tissues except in brain (34.7% of PPBDEs), which indicated that deca-BDE (the major commercial PBDE formulation comprising 65%–70% of total production) was major pollution source in this area and could be bioaccumulated in terrestrial animals. The dietary PBDEs intake of the local residents from chicken muscle and egg, assuming only local bred chickens and eggs were consumed, ranged from 2.2 to 22.5 ng/(day kg body weight (bw)) with a mean value of 13.5 ng/(day kg bw), which was one order of magnitude higher than the value reported in previous studies for consumption of all foodstu s.     

A kinetic model of Ti（IV）-catalyzed H2O2/O3 process in aqueous solution

A kinetic model for the Ti(IV)-catalyzed H₂O₂/O₃ process was established, and the experimental results demonstrated that the model could well describe this ozone-based oxidative system mathematically and chemically.     

絮团尺寸对全尾砂絮凝沉降效果的影响研究*

为研究絮团尺寸对全尾砂絮凝沉降效果的影响,采用正交实验和图像颗粒分析相结合的方法,进行多因素耦合条件下全尾砂絮凝沉降实验,基于Giddings函数的沉降速度模型,提出全尾砂絮团图像颗粒分析,探究各时段絮团尺寸的变化规律。研究结果表明:当尾砂浆浓度为15%、絮凝剂溶液浓度为0.25%、絮凝剂单耗为20 g/t,pH值为10时,絮凝沉降效果最佳,最大沉降速度达13.12 mm/s;随着沉降时间的增加,沉降速度随絮团直径、长径比减小而减小,随圆形度增大而减小。研究结果可为实际生产中控制全尾砂絮凝沉降参数、提高沉降速率提供参考。     

碱消解-P&T-GC-AFS法同时测定土壤中的甲基汞和乙基汞研究

建立了碱消解-吹扫捕集-气相色谱-原子荧光光谱法(P&T-GC-AFS)同时测定土壤中甲基汞和乙基汞的分析方法.样品在90℃条件下经氢氧化钾/甲醇消解2.5 h,调节pH为5.40,并丙基化衍生后,采用P&T-GC-AFS法测定.方法对甲基汞、乙基汞的线性相关系数分别为0.999 7、0.999 6,检出限分别为0.26、0.41 ng·g -1.在不同质量浓度水平上进行加标回收率实验,甲基汞、乙基汞的回收率分别为90.5%~93.3%、86.5%~89.6%.该方法样品前处理简单、检出限低,适合批量测定土壤中甲基汞和乙基汞.     

不同筋料对尾矿坝渗透特性影响规律研究

铺设加筋材料作为一种普遍使用的提高土体或坝体稳定性的工程措施,在提高坝 体力学强度的同时,在筋带处形成的混合体也改变了尾矿砂自身的渗透特性。采用理论 分析、渗透试验和数值模拟相结合的研究手段,探析了不同筋带密度下土工格栅与土工 织物对尾矿砂渗透系数的影响。结果表明:土工格栅与土工织物两种加筋方式均会使尾 矿砂渗透系数减小;土工织物加筋在渗流时会阻挡细粒组运移,有效避免细粒组随渗透 水流出,从而降低试件渗透系数;土工格栅则通过横肋对尾矿砂颗粒的嵌锁作用阻滞颗 粒运移,致使渗流过程中孔隙扩展变弱,最终达到降低渗透系数的作用。研究成果加深 了对加筋尾矿坝渗透规律的认识,为研究加筋尾矿坝的稳定性提供了新的思路。     

污泥干化焚烧系统安全评价

在深入分析污泥干化焚烧系统构成及安全隐患的基础上,采用预先危险分析法(PHA)和作业条件危险性评价法(LEC)对污泥干化焚烧系统进行安全评价,定性分析污泥干化焚烧系统的危险性因素,定量分析危险性因素对系统安全运行产生的影响。提出针对系统危险性因素的对策,实现提高污泥干化焚烧系统安全性的目标。     

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in soil and dust from plastic production and surrounding areas in eastern of China

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of organic pollutants. They are used as flame retardants that caused worldwide environmental concern. This study investigated the occurrence of PBDEs in soils and dusts from three plastic manufacture plants and surrounding areas in Eastern China. A total of 13 PBDE congeners were detected using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (electron impact ionization). The total concentrations of PBDEs range from 2.21 to 558, 19.7–4916, and 8.70–18,451 ng/g dry weight in the soils of three sampling areas, with mean of 1004 ng/g d w; in dusts, the concentrations range from 7240 to 10,469, 684–4482, and 193–3989 ng/g d w, with an overall mean of 3619 ng/g d w. The most abundant congener is the BDE-209, followed by BDE-153 and BDE-85. This indicates that the brominated flame retardant added in the plastic manufacture is mainly the commodity decabromodiphenyl ether. In comparison with other polluted areas around the world, the PBDE concentrations in the soils of the plastic manufacture plants are similar to those in soils of waste plastic disposal areas and PBDEs production sites, but orders of magnitude higher than those in agricultural soils, mountain soils and rural soils. Daily exposure was estimated using the average concentrations of the pollution sites. The hazard quotient shows that the PBDEs pose considerable human health risks, especially to children, to which attention should be paid.

     

站场伴生气减排回收工艺研究与应用

针对部分油田站场因伴生气量低造成的燃烧排放或无效放空的生产现状,研制了一种基于双U型管气液分离、气体过滤、阀前调压稳压和止回阀的组合式回收装置。对组合式回收装置进行了功能测试,并在17座站场现场应用,供气系统压力平稳,加热炉正常运行,实现了低气油比站场伴生气100%回收利用,有利于油田安全环保、节能减排与清洁生产。     

基于互锁真空开关的一种新型串联补偿型限流器

提出了一种基于互锁真空开关的串联补偿型限流器,该装置在线路正常运行时,具有串联补偿作用,线路发生短路故障时,具有限制短路电流的作用。装置主回路由串联补偿电容和限流电抗串联后分别和互锁真空开关的两对触头组并联而成,互锁真空开关是一种新型双工位开关,可以同时实现两个电路元件的投入与切除。用MATLAB/Simulink 对27.5 kV牵引系统进行了仿真,仿真结果表明该装置抬升电压和限制故障电流效果较好,当装置工作于串联补偿条件下,880 μF的串联补偿电容接入线路中时,接触网电压提升约2 kV,当装置工作于故障限流的条件下,16.8 mH电感接入线路中时,短路电流峰值从14 kA限制到4.5 kA,并对开关转换过程中可能出现的暂态现象进行了分析。