吉林油田稠油热采污水处理絮凝剂实验研究＊

在含油污水水质分析的基础上,采用烧杯实验和分光光度法研究絮凝剂的絮凝效果。筛选出以无机絮凝剂硫酸铝与两性高分子聚合物CE-3090的复配体系,同时研究了影响絮凝效果的因素并探究了其影响机理。结果表明:在温度为40℃,pH为7.72,170 r/min时高速搅拌1 min,然后50 r/min低速搅拌5 min,硫酸铝的加量为90 mg/L、CE-3090的加量为0.5 mg/L,絮凝沉降30 min后其絮凝效果较好。实验证明:该复配处理剂处理含油污水后,含油量和杂质含量都达到了SY/T 5329-94《碎屑岩油藏注水水质推荐指标及分析方法》油田污水回注的要求。     

To roll or not to roll: nyctinastic behavior in young leaves of sacred lotus,Nelumbo nucifera

The Science of Nature -     

基于UV-Vis辽河保护区地表水DOM的时空分布特征

为探讨辽河保护区地表水中DOM（dissolved organic matter,溶解性有机质）组成、腐殖化程度及时空变化,采集辽河保护区上游至下游及主要支流入辽河干流河口处丰水期和枯水期地表水样品,基于UV-Vis（紫外-可见吸收光谱）揭示地表水中DOM结构组成的时空变化特征. 结果表明:①从季节上看,辽河保护区地表水丰水期DOC（dissolved organic carbon,溶解性有机碳）浓度(11.73 mg/L)高于枯水期(6.76 mg/L),且丰水期DOM中类蛋白质组分相对浓度高于枯水期,而类腐殖质组分的相对浓度较低;从空间上看,辽河保护区支流DOC平均浓度高于干流浓度,且丰水期地表水DOM中类蛋白物质与类腐殖质浓度增加. ②基于UV-Vis特征参数可知,辽河保护区地表水中DOM主要以内源释放为主;从季节上看,丰水期降水量和地表径流增加,DOM的芳香性、分子量、腐殖化水平降低;从空间上看,辽河保护区地表水DOM的腐殖化程度沿河流上游至下游呈现逐渐递减趋势,且支流DOM腐殖化程度较高,具有较高的芳香性及疏水性. 研究显示,河流地表水中DOM的芳香性与分子量大小受周边沿岸生态环境系统、生物条件、土地利用类型等因素影响,不同类型地表水中DOM具有显著差异.      

Local Area Quotas for Industrial Emissions along Reaches of the Pearl River in Guangdong

There is an obvious departure from the regional equilibrium of developments between the upper and lower reaches of the Pearl River in Guangdong, which resulted in ＂the effects of contra-geography-grads development＂. It is mainly because the upriver mountainous areas have been deeply stuck in industrialization delay and marginalization plights, so that nearly 40 million local people have conceived a dream to get rid of ＂the vicious circle of poverty＂ by speeding up industrial development. But the problem is that such industrialization efforts on a large scale in mountainous areas are encountering the bottleneck of environmental capacity that strictly limits industrial emissions along the upper reaches of any water system. As a solution, an institutional arrangement called ＂the Local Area Quotas for Industrial Emissions along the Pearl River＂ is put forward supposed to give corresponding compensation to the rights of industrial development yielded by some areas with lower environmental capacity through the distribution and trading of IDQs.     

湖北野生食果资源特点及其开发途径

野生食果为营养丰富的食用资源植物。在深入调查的基础上，分析了湖北野生食果资源的特点，提出了野生食果资源开发的对策以及产品深加工的途径，为野生食果资源的开发利用打下了坚实的基础。     

超声波/零价铁协同体系作用机理探讨

在超声波/零价铁协同体系中,探讨了OH.的产生途径及其影响因素,并分析了Fe0表面形态变化。结果表明:在超声波/零价铁体系中,羟基自由基的产生途径主要有四种:声空化导致水分子热解、Fenton反应、超声波与类Fenton反应的复合效应、铁粉颗粒效应;pH值过低或过高都不利于羟基自由基产生;当铁粉投加量为2.0g/L时最有利于羟基自由基产生;超声波通过冲刷、碎裂、清洗、气蚀和熔合等多种效应,活化和增强铁粉的表面性能。     

甘肃省旅游城市体系研究

运用主成分与聚类分析相结合的方法，根据《甘肃省城镇体系规划和城镇基础设施报告（2003）》，《中国优秀旅游城市检查标准》。甘肃省旅游局2004年对国内游客的抽样调查数据（2004），以及对甘肃省主要城市基础设施、社会经济发展等方面28项指标进行的主成分——因子聚类分析综合评价结果，得出主要城市的体系与功能评价，初步探讨甘肃省旅游城市体系，根据结果初步得出，甘肃省旅游城市体系分为，国际旅游城市——敦煌，省内一级旅游中心城市——兰州，省内二级旅游中心城市以及省内三级旅游中心城市和地方旅游中心城镇，并为各个城市的城市旅游形象和城市旅游标识体系，旅游城市的发展方向等进行了概念性规划。     

重型柴油车车载排放实测与加载影响研究

采用车载排放测试仪,对2辆重型柴油卡车在空载和加载条件下进行实际道路车载排放测试.通过分析获得了油耗与排放速率的速度-加速度及其工况点的分布,发现高油耗与高排放工况点主要集中在高速加速区域,加载时油耗与排放高值随工况点分布更广;车辆在(30±2.5)km·h^-1等速及加速行驶时受加载影响最大,此时加载油耗与排放约是空载的1.6～3.2倍左右;由实测结果发现,卡车Ⅰ和卡车Ⅱ加载时油耗及CO、HC、NO_x排放因子分别是空载的1.6倍、3.5倍、1.1倍、1.5倍以及1.2倍、1.0倍、0.9倍和1.5倍,加载对油耗与NO_x排放影响最为明显,对HC影响最小,CO影响取决于车辆保养水平;卡车Ⅱ较卡车Ⅰ车型更大,发动机功率更高,相同荷载时受加载影响较小,说明重型车在发动机负荷可承受的范围内合理装载,有助于避免油耗与排放恶化,提高燃油经济性和排放水平.     

Ionic liquid-containing semipermeable membrane devices for monitoring the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water

Ionic liquid-containing semipermeable membrane devices (IL-SPMDs) were developed to monitor the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water. Uptake kinetics of naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene by layflat low-density polyethylene tubing (15 cm x 2 cm) filled with 0.5 ml 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid were studied in a laboratory continuous-flow system for the duration of 16 days. The device concentration factors were in the range of 830-7800 for the studied PAHs. The kinetic parameters of IL/water partition coefficients, analytes uptake rate constants and sampling rates were estimated using mathematical models. These parameters were used in the field experiment to estimate the concentrations of the PAHs in Lanzhou section of Yellow River in China, with the result in comparison with that obtained by triolein-SPMD.     

Distribution and dissipation pathways of nonylphenol polyethoxylates in the Yellow River: Site investigation and lab-scale studies

Spatial distribution of nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEOs) and nonylphenol (NP) was investigated in a field study in Lanzhou Reach of the Yellow River. NPEOs and their metabolites were found in the river, with the maximum dissolved concentrations of 6.38 nmol/L for NPEOs, 0.19 nmol/L for nonylphenol ethoxy acetic acids (NPECs) and 0.79 nmol/L for NP, respectively. The maximum concentrations in the sediment and suspended particle samples were 1.50 and 5.09 nmol/g for NPEOs and NP, respectively. The effects of particles, light and microorganism on the dissipation of NPEOs in the river water were investigated based on lab-scale experiments. When natural particles were removed, 72% and 22% degradation of NPEOs were achieved at 120 h in non-sterile and sterile conditions with light, respectively. Different concentrations of NPECs were also observed in these experiments. When suspended particle matters (SPMs) were present, about 38-50% of NPEOs were sorbed to the particulate phase in only 1 h. As a result, the degradation of NPEOs and production of NPECs were inhibited. However, the combined sorption and degradation in the presence of SPMs resulted in lower dissolved NPEO concentrations than those in the absence of SPMs. Biodegradation was the most important pathway for NPEOs degradation in the river water, while NPECs seemed to be produced through both biological and abiological pathways.