黄磷废水处理工艺比较

针对黄磷废水的两种处理工艺做了详细的分析和比较 ,结果表明 ,对不同规模的黄磷生产厂 ,可采用不同的处理工艺 ,但最好是采用主动式黄磷废水处理工艺。主动式黄磷废水处理工艺能使黄磷废水经处理后达到GB8978 1996规定的国家一级排放标准。     

石灰在石煤钙化焙烧中固硫作用的研究

本研究对石煤清洁焙烧工艺 (钙化焙烧 )进行了研究 ,发现钙化焙烧除可完全避免钠化焙烧过程中Cl2 、HCl等有害气体的产生外 ,石灰在焙烧过程中有很好的固硫效果。实验结果表明 ,当焙烧温度不高于 10 0 0℃ ,石灰加入量为理论量的 1.4倍以上时 ,保证适当的焙烧时间与空气量 ,石灰的固硫率可达 99%。     

南京市大气气溶胶中颗粒物和正构烷烃特征及来源分析

于2002年夏季（7月）和冬季（12月）采集南京市5个功能区的大气气溶胶（PM2．5和PM10）样品，对两个季节不同功能区颗粒物及其颗粒物中正构烷烃的分布特征和污染来源进行了分析。结果表明，南京市大气颗粒物含量冬季高于夏季，细颗粒高于粗颗粒。正构烷烃的变化规律同颗粒物一致，且主要分布在细颗粒物上。根据各个功能区正构烷烃（C15-C32）的CPI（CPI1、CPI2和CPI3）结果，可知南京市大气气溶胶中正构烷烃由生物源和人为源共同排放产生。％waxCn的结果表明生物源对气溶胶中正构烷烃的贡献率为20％～43％，对南京市大气颗粒物的贡献率为1．66％～4．76％。     

Preparation and reactivation of magnetic biochar by molten salt method: Relevant performance for chlorine-containing pesticides abatement

Molten salt has been regarded as a versatile and environmental-friendly method for the material preparation and waste destruction. In this work, molten FeCl3 was utilized for the generation of magnetic biochar (MBC) derived from simultaneous activation and magnetization of biomass. The sample characterization indicated that MBC had a rough surface with BET surface area of 404 m2/g and total pore volume of 0.35cm3/g. Highly dispersed Fe3O4 and nitrogen could be deposited on the surface, leading to an excellent magnetization property. The MBC exhibited a great 2,4-Dichlorophenol (2.4-DCP) and atrazine removal performance in solution with the maximum adsorption capacity achieved 298.12 mg/g and 102.17 mg/g. Kinetics results demonstrated that MBC adsorption met the Pseudo-first-order model better. Molten NaOH-Na2CO3 was provided for the re-activation of exhausted MBC. 2,4-DCP was firstly desorbed from the MBC and subsequently destructed by the active species in the melt medium. Chlorine can be captured in the molten alkaline medium from the XRD pattern of residues.The MBC could be easily recovered with a yield of 98.2% and fixed carbon content of 61.0% after the molten salt regeneration process. With no 2,4-DCP detected, 65.5% and 31.69% of initial Cl was found in washing water and residues with the molten NaOH-Na2CO3, respectively. After 4 cycles of regeneration and adsorption, 60.55%-72.22% of initial adsorption capacity can be kept. This preparation and regeneration method can be an effective way to reduce the risk of secondary pollution of chlorinated organic compounds during adsorbent regeneration.

Implications: Molten salt (MS) is a salt or multiple salts with a low melting point, and has been applied in many sectors and is regarded as a crucial role in terms of energy, environmental, and resource sustainability. In our paper, magnetic biochar was prepared by one-step activation and magnetization of fir dust using molten FeCl₃?6H₂O. Meanwhile, a regeneration method using molten alkaline salt was provided. Magnetic biochar generated in our study performed well in the 2,4-dichlorophenol and atrazine adsorption. After four cycles of regeneration and adsorption, 72.2% of initial 2,4-DCP adsorption capacity can be kept.     

磷酸三丁酯(TBP)对苯酚的络合萃取

基于可逆络合反应的萃取分离方法对极性有机物稀溶液具有高效性和高选择性.本文系统进行了磷酸三丁酯(TBP)对苯酚稀溶液的络合萃取的实验研.负载有机相的红外谱图分析表明,TBP与苯酚通过氢键缔合形成萃合物.以TBP-煤油为萃取剂对工业含酚废水进行了萃取平衡和错流萃取实验.讨论了其应用的可能性及开发新的有效的络合萃取剂的途径.     

两性膨润土增强不同层次紫色土吸附Cu2+的研究

为了证实两性粘土对不同层次紫色土吸附Cu~(2+)的促进作用,以不同比例(25%、50%和100%)十四烷基二甲基甜菜碱(BS-14)修饰膨润土作为两性基质,将其分别以5%的比例(质量比)添加至表层和粘化层紫色土中,采用批处理法研究不同两性基质添加比例对表层紫色土(ZS)和粘化层紫色土(ZA)吸附Cu~(2+)的等温吸附特征,并对比温度、p H值和离子强度对Cu~(2+)吸附效果的影响。结果表明:(1)表层紫色土添加BS膨润土(ZS-BS)和粘化层紫色土添加BS膨润土(ZA-BS)对Cu~(2+)的吸附量均随着BS膨润土中BS-14修饰比例的增大而增加,且相同BS-14修饰比例下ZA-BS对Cu~(2+)的吸附量高于ZS-BS。(2)p H值在3~5范围内,表层和粘化层紫色土对Cu~(2+)的吸附量均随p H值的升高而增大。温度从20℃增加到40℃时,两层次土样对Cu~(2+)的吸附量均随温度的升高而增加。土样对Cu~(2+)的吸附量在离子强度I=0.1 mol/L时最大,在I=0.01 mol/L时最小。(3)热力学参数结果表明添加BS膨润土后,不同层次紫色土吸附Cu~(2+)是一个自发、吸热和熵增的过程。     

土壤和地下水中污染物迁移模型研究进展

国内外学者已建立了多种模型来描述污染物在土壤和地下水中的环境行为。要选择一个合适的模型在实际中成功地应用,或建立一个新的模型,必须掌握和了解污染物迁移模型的研究现状。文章评述了现有的模型,并对模型的结构作了一定的阐述。     

香蒲植物提取物的抑藻作用及其分离鉴定

对香蒲类植物的花粉蒲黄中的抑藻物质进行提取、分离、鉴定。分别用抑藻圈和半杀死剂量法研究其乙酸乙酯、丙酮、乙醚提取物的抑藻活性。并从乙酸乙酯提取物中分离出两种抑藻活性的物质。     

有机污染物生物降解途径的理论预测

本文报道了一个可用于有的生物降解途径理论预测的软件包，应用ＣＮ－ＤＯ／２方法计算分子的结构参数，经过解析结构参数给出有机污染理论上可能遵循的生物降解途径。     

电仪ITPM提升大型石油炼化企业生产过程本质安全的实践

为适应大型石油炼化企业长周期高负荷运行和绩效提升、安全环保要求,提前发现并消除因电气和仪表设备超期服役、老化及性能不稳、下降等易导致安全风险的潜在因素,通过构建并实施科学、合理的电仪ITPM(设备预防性维修管理体系),及时消除电气和仪表缺陷,避免因电仪原因导致装置非计划停车、波动及安全环保事故的发生,提高电仪设备的可靠性和稳定性,确保大型石油炼化企业生产过程的本质安全。