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541.
室内氡子体浓度的动态观测 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用Markov快速潜能法,观测了武汉市某一建筑物室内氡子体浓度随季节和昼夜的变化规律.结果表明:全年(215天)室内氡子体浓度呈正态分布,24小时内最大值与最小值之比为2.9,月均值在年均值±60%内变化.对气压、气温、日照、相对湿度等气象因素的影响也进行了初步探讨. 相似文献
542.
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as organochlorine (OCl) insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), together with the new generation of organophosphorus (OP) insecticides, are of global concern, due to their widespread occurrence, persistence, bioaccumulation and hormone disruption potential. This paper represents an attempt to study the source and transportation of such pollutants in estuarine and coastal environments as an integrated ecosystem, by determining the levels of 18 OCl insecticides, 21 PCB congeners, and 17 OP insecticides in the Pearl River Estuary and South China Sea. The total concentrations varied from 126-1198 ng l(-1) for OCl insecticides, 33.38-1064 ng l(-1) for PCB congeners, and 4.44-6356 ng l(-1) for OP insecticides in the Pearl River Estuary. In comparison, their levels in the South China Sea were significantly lower, varying from 57.09-202 ng l(-1) for OCl insecticides, 21.72-144 ng l(-1) for PCBs, and 1.27-122 ng l(-1) for OP insecticides, respectively. The predominance of beta-HCH in HCHs, and DDE in DDTs in all water samples was clearly observed, suggesting beta-HCH and DDE's resistance to further degradation. The PCBs were dominated by those with 3-6 chlorines. The distribution characteristic of OP insecticides shows that five compounds (methamidophos, dimethoate, malathion, dichlorvos and omethoate) accounted for 56% and 72% of the total OP insecticide concentration. The relationship between pollutant concentrations and salinity in the estuary showed that they were all removed during the mixing process, therefore behaving non-conservatively. 相似文献
543.
采用姐妹染色单体交换方法,对黄浦江水提取物进行体外试验。结果表明,0.02ml/10ml浓度组各点水样的姐妹染色单体交换率,除上游竖僚泾和松浦大桥点外,下游各点及自来水均高于溶剂对照:0.02ml/10ml浓度组除竖僚泾点外,下游各点均高于溶剂对照。两种浓度均显示越往沿江下游,姐妹染色单体交换率越有增高趋势:0.03、0.04(ml/10ml)两个浓度组损害淋巴细胞。 相似文献
544.
本文采用综合污染指数法和空气质量指数法对2014年重庆市渝北区的主要空气污染物(SO2、PM10、NO2、O3、CO、PM2.5)的现状监测值进行了评价。结果表明:对照环境空气质量标准,2014年城区内SO2、NO2均符合国家空气质量二级标准,PM10、PM2.5测定值均超标。污染物浓度时空分布不均匀,冬春季浓度较夏秋季高,出现明显的季节特征;空间分布上,两路空气质量优于空港。2014年渝北区环境空气中大部分污染物浓度均低于2013年和主城平均浓度,环境空气质量综合污染指数呈现下降趋势。2014年渝北区空气质量优良天数255天,高于2013年和主城优良天数,影响渝北区空气质量的首要污染物为PM2.5,其次为PM10、O3-8h、NO2。渝北区的环境空气污染主要受城市建设、产业结构、气象条件、交通尾气的影响。 相似文献
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547.
Takashi Kuriwada Norikuni Kumano Keiko Shiromoto Dai Haraguchi 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(7):1483-1489
Inadvertent selection is an important genetic process that frequently occurs during laboratory culture. The mass-reared strain
of the sweet potato weevil Cylas formicarius exhibits stronger inbreeding depression than the wild strain does. When inbreeding depression occurs in a population, mating
with a close relative is often considered maladaptive; however, in some contexts, the inclusive fitness benefits of inbreeding
may outweigh the costs, favoring individuals that tolerate a low level of inbreeding depression. Theory predicts that mass-reared
strain weevils will avoid inbreeding while wild strain weevils will tolerate inbreeding. To examine this prediction, we compared
the effect of relatedness on the mating and insemination successes in mass-reared and wild strains of C. formicarius. While close relative pairs of the wild strain copulated less frequently than non-kin pairs, almost all mass-reared strain
pairs copulated irrespective of relatedness. The results showed that the strain with weak inbreeding depression (wild strain)
avoided inbreeding, whereas the strain with strong inbreeding depression (mass-reared strain) tolerated inbreeding. The contradiction
between the theoretical prediction and our results is discussed from the perspective of laboratory adaptation, mating systems,
and life history of C. formicarius. 相似文献
548.
System stability and performance of high-solids anaerobic co-digestion of dewatered sludge (DS) and food waste (FW) in comparison with mono digestions were investigated. System stability was improved in co-digestion systems with co-substrate acting as a diluting agent to toxic chemicals like ammonia or Na+. For high-solids digestion of DS, the addition of FW not only improved system stability but also greatly enhanced volumetric biogas production. For high-solids digestion of FW, the addition of DS could reduce Na+ concentration and help maintain satisfactory stability during the conversion of FW into biogas. System performances of co-digestion systems were mainly determined by the mixing ratios of DS and FW. Biogas production and volatile solids (VSs) reduction in digestion of the co-mixture of DS and FW increased linearly with higher ratios of FW. A kinetic model, which aimed to forecast the performance of co-digestion and to assist reactor design, was developed from long-term semi-continuous experiments. Maximum VS reduction for DS and FW was estimated to be 44.3% and 90.3%, respectively, and first order constant k was found to be 0.17 d?1 and 0.50 d?1, respectively. Experimental data of co-digestion were in good conformity to the predictions of the model. 相似文献
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550.
城市化和工业化给环境带来的潜在危害引起人们对环境质量的重视。污染物来源解析研究的成果为环境管理提供了有效的工具。在查阅大量文献的基础上,综述了应用于水环境尤其是沉积物中多环芳烃源解析的主要理论方法和应用模型,并初步提出了沉积物中多环芳烃源解析方法。 相似文献