Two-compartment sorption of phenanthrene on eight soils with various organic carbon contents

Sorption characteristics of phenanthrene (PHE) were studied on eight soils with organic carbon contents spanning over an order of magnitude using phase distribution relationships (PDRs) at 1 h, 48 h, and 720 h contact times. A new algebraic method was employed to describe the sorption characteristics at different time intervals (between 1 h and 48 h, and 1 h and 720 h). It was found that nonlinearity increased with increasing contact time and sorption that occurred in the subsequent time interval following the initial 1 h exhibited stronger isotherm nonlinearity. Sorption coefficients were positively correlated with the organic carbon contents of the soils. Detailed sorption dynamics were also examined on these soils. A two-compartment, first-order model was used to describe the sorption dynamics. The rate constants of the two compartments differed 18-170 times, suggesting the dissimilar sorption behaviors of the mathematically separated compartments. These two compartments were labeled fast and slow sorption compartment according to the rate constants. Calculation showed that the fast compartment accounted for over 80% of the overall sorption at the initial 1 h, while the slow compartment predominated the total sorption in the following 47 h. By combining the discussion of PDRs and sorption dynamics, the contributions of the two compartments to linear and nonlinear sorption were differentiated. The slow sorption compartment made a major contribution to nonlinear sorption and possibly to sequestration of organic pollutants by these soils.     

磁场-铋膜电极伏安法测定废水中痕量Pb2+

采用磁场-铋膜电极伏安法测定废水中痕量Pb2+.铋和铅同时沉积在电极表面形成铋膜电极,为Pb2+的测定提供了一个无汞环境.在高浓度Fe3+存在时,外加磁场促进了Pb2+在电极上的沉积.在磁感应强度0.6 T、Fe3+浓度0.09 mol/L、Bi3+浓度10 μmol/L、沉积电位-0.8 V、沉积时间60 s的最佳实验条件下,该方法对Pb2+的仪器检测灵敏度为4.61μA/(μmol·L-1),线性范围为0.01～1.00μmol/L,检出限为8.5×10-4μtxmol/L.     

长江三角洲地区城镇扩展、开发区设置遥感解译

长江三角洲地区开发区的设置同城市扩展紧密相联，１９８５年以来掀起了办开发区热。通过遥感信息的解译，获取了城镇扩展和开发区的设置的数据，至１９９３年下半年，经过调整，开发区走上了稳步、健康发展的轨道，成为经济发展的“窗口”与“示范”。     

厌氧氨氧化菌的生物特性及CANON厌氧氨氧化工艺

厌氧氨氧化(ANaerobicAMMonium OXidation,缩写为ANAMMOX)指的是在缺氧条件下以亚硝酸盐为电子受体将氨氧化为氮气的过程.该过程由一类独特的、被称为"厌氧氨氧化菌"的专性厌氧微生物催化完成.作为细菌域浮霉菌门的成员,厌氧氨氧化菌具有与普通原核细菌显著不同的细胞结构;更重要的是,厌氧氨氧化在氮循环中扮演重要角色,并在污水处理领域显示出良好的应用潜力:厌氧氨氧化联合短程硝化非常适合处理高氨氮低碳废水.在一段式的CANON(Completely Autotrophic Nitrogen removal Over Nitrite)厌氧氨氧化工艺中,好氧氨氧化菌和厌氧氨氧化菌在氧限制的单个反应器内协同去除氨氮,这在节省反应器空间的同时对系统内功能菌群的优化调控提出了更高的要求.本文重点介绍了厌氧氨氧化菌的生物特性以及CANON厌氧氨氧化工艺的最新进展.     

固定化微生物制备技术及生物脱氮研究

利用载体经干燥后机械强度得到提高的特性,建立一种低胶体浓度固定化微生物制备技术:包埋剂为5.5%PVA、0.45%SA,固定液为饱和硼酸与0.6%硫酸铝的混合液,包菌量为0.4g/mL包埋剂。小球硬化24 h后洗净并放入30℃鼓风干燥箱干燥3.5 h后备用。制备出的固定化微生物氨氧化速率为24.3 mg/(L·h),相对活性为77.7%。     

畜禽粪便沼气池使用中的注意事项和常见故障的排除方法

讨论了畜禽粪便沼气池使用过程中的注意事项及常见故障的排除。     

Catalytic removal of phenol from gas streams by perovskite-type catalysts

Three perovskite-type catalysts prepared by citric acid method are applied to remove phenol from gas streams with the total flow rate of 300 mL/min, corresponding to a GHSV of10,000/hr. LaMnO_3 catalyst is first prepared and further partially substituted with Sr and Cu to prepare La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)MnO_3 and La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Mn_(0.8)Cu_(0.2)O_3, and catalytic activities and fundamental characteristics of these three catalysts are compared. The results show that phenol removal efficiency achieved with La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Mn_(0.8)Cu_(0.2)O_3 reaches 100% with the operating temperature of 200°C and the rate of mineralization at 300°C is up to 100%, while the phenol removal efficiencies achieved with La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)MnO_3 and LaMnO_3 are up to 100% with the operating temperature of 300°C and 400°C, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) analysis shows that the addition of Sr and Cu increases the lattice oxygen of La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Mn_(0.8)Cu_(0.2)O_3, and further increases mobility or availability of lattice oxygen. The results indicate that La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Mn_(0.8)Cu_(0.2)O_3 has the best activity for phenol removal among three catalysts prepared and the catalytic activity of phenol oxidation is enhanced by the introduction of Sr and Cu into LaMnO_3. Apparent activation energy of 48 k J/mol is calculated by Mars–Van Krevelen Model for phenol oxidation with La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Mn_(0.8)Cu_(0.2)O_3 as catalyst.     

Inhibition effects of perfluoroalkyl acids on progesterone production in mLTC-1

Perfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs) are a class of fluorine substituted carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid and alcohol, structurally similar to their corresponding parent compounds. Previous study demonstrated the potential endocrine disruption and reproductive toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid, two dominant PFASs in animals and humans. We explored the relationship between eleven perfluoroalkyl acids(PFAAs)with different carbon chain length and their ability to inhibit progesterone production in mouse Leydig tumor cells(m LTC-1). We found an obvious dose–response relationship between progesterone inhibition rate and PFAA exposure concentration in m LTC-1. The relative inhibition rate of progesterone by PFAAs was linearly related to the carbon chain length and molar refractivity of PFAAs. Mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP) decreased after PFAA exposure at the half-maximal inhibitory effect concentration(IC_(50)) of progesterone production in m LTC-1, while the reactive oxygen species(ROS) content increased significantly. These results imply that the inhibition effect of PFAAs on progesterone production might be due, in part, to ROS damage and the decrease in MMP in m LTC-1.     

正压式呼吸保护装备的选择与应用

正压式空气呼吸器(以下简称空呼)以其稳定的工作状态,简便易操作的设计,广泛的应用在化工行业、消防部队等单位。正压式空气呼吸器这个大家族当中,针对不同的环境设计出了不同类型的产品,一般可分为以下