应用径向基函数网络预测有机化合物的生物活性

为了构建径向基函数 ( RBF)神经网络模型 ,研究一批取代芳香族化合物结构与其大型蚤生物活性参数 log(1/EC₅₀)的关系 ,利用正交最小平方算法逐一选择非线性高斯函数的中心 ,并将归一化参数 σ和容差 ρ作为网络的系统参数 ,通过广程扫描确定其最佳值 .采用种子聚类分析与简单随机抽样相结合的方法将化合物合理地划分为训练集和预测集 .对构建的 RBF网络模型的预测质量进行了不确定性分析 .与回归模型相比 ,RBF网络具有较好的预测性能 ,模型预测的不确定性降低了 30 % .     

模拟污染指标水体统计分析

介绍了模拟污染水体中各类指标的单回归，逐步聚类分析，主成份分析及逐步判别分析，在聚类图和判虽函数中，溶解氧与色度具有最紧密关系，水中总和氮氮对水质也有显影响。对模拟试验样品，主成份分类与判别分析分类的结果相类似，而对城市河流体品用判别函数别的结果与观察到的天然状态相一致。     

北京市冬季大气化石源CO_2典型日变化的~(14)C示踪研究

城市作为化石源CO_2(CO_(2_(ff)))排放的热点区域.获得其大气CO_(2_(ff))浓度的日变化特征对于深刻理解城市地区CO_(2_(ff))的时空变化规律,进而制定合理的节能减排政策至关重要。本研究通过AMS-~(14)C技术,示踪了北京市冬季一个典型日变化事件中大气(CO_(2_(ff)))的变化过程,并探讨了其影响因素。本次日变化事件中大气δ~(13)CO_2的值为(-13.9±0.8)%。(-14.8‰—-12.7‰),△~(14)CO_2的值为(-151.6±51.3)‰((-214.2±2.9)‰-(-82.3±3.0)‰),CO_(2_(ff))浓度为104.4±44.0μL·L~(-1)(168.6±2.7-52.1±3.2μL·L~(-1)。CO_(2_(ff))浓度具有较大的曰变化,夜晚CO_(2_(ff))浓度明显高于白天,主要是由于夜间大气混合层高度较低、供暖消耗更多的化石燃料以及在东南风条件下因北京不利的扩散条件而使CO_(2_(ff))聚积。此外,在早晚高峰期间,观察到由于交通流量增加引起的较高CO_(2_(ff))浓度。同期PM_(2.5)浓度相似的日变化过程进一步验证了本次CO_(2_(ff))观测结果的可靠性。     

Impact of disinfection on drinking water biofilm bacterial community

Disinfectants are commonly applied to control the growth of microorganisms in drinking water distribution systems. However, the effect of disinfection on drinking water microbial community remains poorly understood. The present study investigated the impacts of different disinfectants (chlorine and chloramine) and dosages on biofilm bacterial community in bench-scale pipe section reactors. Illumina MiSeq sequencing illustrated that disinfection strategy could affect both bacterial diversity and community structure of drinking water biofilm. Proteobacteria tended to predominate in chloraminated drinking water biofilms, while Firmicutes in chlorinated and unchlorinated biofilms. The major proteobacterial groups were influenced by both disinfectant type and dosage. In addition, chloramination had a more profound impact on bacterial community than chlorination.     

移动通信基站后向电磁场分布规律研究

采用实地监测的方法,对成都市肿瘤医院、双流小坝村、商汇大厦、成渝收费站及农机研究院5个基站天线后向场进行测试,分析研究其后向场的分布规律。研究结果表明,基站产生的电磁辐射功率密度与天线的距离呈反比;基站后向场电磁辐射安全防护距离为0．5m,大于此距离的区域,基站产生的电磁辐射功率密度小于《电磁辐射防护规定》及《电磁辐射监测仪器和方法》规定的0．08W／m^2的公众限值。     

Size distribution and chemical characteristics of particles from crop residue open burning in North China

Crop residue open burning is an important emission source of ambient particles in China. This study analyzed the particle emission characteristics of crop residue open burning through combustion experiments with a novel open combustion simulation device using three typical crop straws in north China (corn, wheat, and rice). Particle samples size ranging from 0.006–9.890 µm were collected by an Electrical Low Pressure Impactor plus, a high size-resolution instrument capable of dividing particles into 14 size stages. The size distributions of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble ions, and elements were analyzed, and source chemical profiles were constructed for PM_0.1, PM₁, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀. The number concentration of particles was concentrated in the Aiken nuclei mode (0.006–0.054 µm), accounting for 75% of the total number, whereas the mass concentration was concentrated in the accumulation mode (0.054–0.949 µm), accounting for 85.43% of the mass loading. OC, EC, Cl^?, and K(include total K and water-soluble K) were the major chemical components of the particles, whose mass percentage distributions differed from those of other components. These five main components exhibited a bell-shaped size distribution in the 0.006–9.890 µm range, whereas the other components exhibited a U-shaped distribution. Among the chemical profiles for PM_0.1–PM₁₀, OC was the most important component at 10–30%, followed by EC at 2%–8%. The proportions of K⁺, Cl^?, and K varied substantially in different experimental groups, ranging from 0–15%, and K⁺ and Cl^? were significantly correlated (r = 0.878, α = 0.000).     

环保投资统计指标体系构建研究——以青岛市为例

文章在总结分析国内外环境保护投资统计指标的基础上,制定了环保投资统计指标构建原则;以青岛市为例,构建环保投资统计指标体系;并使用构建的指标体系统计分析了青岛市2014~2015年环保投资情况。结果表明,2014~2015年青岛市环保投资总额分别为86.30亿元、90.69亿元,其中,污染治理设施投资是环保投资的主要组成部分,占全市环保投资额度的一半以上。环保设施运行维护费用和生态环境保护投资次之,环境管理投资占比最低。     

2，4，6－三氯酚在土壤－小麦生态系统中的迁移、降解

用GC/ECD法测定土壤－小麦模拟生态系统中,2,4,6－三氯酚（TCP）浓度随时间的变化值,显示出TCP在土壤中的半衰期为3天,在小麦中的半衰期为8天。实验周期以后,土壤、小麦中未检出TCP残留物。假设TCP在系统中的迁移、降解遵循一级动力学过程,用二室系统模型预测了该土壤－小麦系统,土壤和小麦中TCP浓度随时间的变化值,比较TCP浓度的预测值与实验值,说明此模型是可靠的。实验结果为经天津土地处理系统处理后污水的安全回用,提供了科学依据。     

加油站在线监控系统简述与应用展望＊

加油站在线监控装置的正确安装应用是提高油气回收设备正常运行的重要保障,同时也是油气污染控制的有效保证。文章对目前世界上主要在线监控系统进行简述,对美国、德国、中国三国加油站在线监控系统进行分析比较,同时结合上海试点在线监控系统的应用情况和出现的问题,提出了对在线监控系统的应用展望。     

三丁基锡在水-脂质体间的分配行为

测定了不同酸度条件下三丁基锡(TBT)的正辛醇-水分配系数,并用卵磷脂自行制备脂质体代替正辛醇研究了TBT在人工合成生物膜-水间的分配行为.结果表明TBT在正辛醇和脂膜中的分配均随pH的增大而增大.但将二者进行比较,发现在pH＞pK_a时,TBT在二者中的分配比很接近,此时是疏水性TBTOH占优势;但在低pH下,TBT⁺是主要存在形态,其在脂膜中的分配量要大于在正辛醇中的分配量,说明此时用正辛醇来模拟三丁基锡在生物膜中的分配是不合适的.对离子型有机金