基于CREAM的高温熔融金属作业人员可靠性分析

为了对冶金企业高温熔融金属作业人员的可靠性进行评估和量化,基于认知可靠性与失误分析方法(CREAM),提出了适用于高温熔融金属作业的人员可靠性分析方法。该方法给出了通用效能条件(Common Performance Condition, CPC)的评估细则,采用层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)与熵值法相结合的CPC因子权重确定方法,利用模糊数学原理实现CPC因子输入的模糊化,从而计算高温熔融金属作业人员失误概率(HEP)和可靠度。通过对炼钢冶炼作业的人员可靠性分析的结果表明:该方法合理有效,具有一定的应用性。     

碱熔－蒸馏－离子选择电极法测定废钻井液中全氟

废钻井液是油气勘探开发的废弃物，目前多采用就地掩埋方式处置。准确测定废钻井液中氟化物的含量，对于评价其对环境可能造成的影响是十分必要的。选用离子选择电极法测定废钻井液中的氟时，对预处理方法进行了试验研究：试验了蒸馏－离子选择电极法、碱熔－离子选择电极法、碱熔－蒸馏－离子选择电极法。结论是：碱熔－蒸馏预处理法综合了碱熔法和蒸馏法各自的优点，能将氟从钻井液中最大程度地蒸馏出来，消除了基体对氟测定的干扰。因此，此法以回收率表示的废钻井液全氟准确度为最高并达到了文献要求，方法可靠。     

天山巴音布鲁克麝鼠资源及其保护利用

本文报道了１９７９年天山巴半布鲁克区外贸站从博斯腾湖引进麝鼠１０００余只，放养 于巴音布鲁克大小尤勒都期治泽地后１０年内的资源消长，本报记者麝鼠不同栖息地的环境状况，外形特征，引进麝射种的利弊及其保护利用等问题。     

鞍山市区岩溶分布基本规律及其潜在灾害防治的初步探讨

本文简述了鞍山市区地势及地质构造,分析了隐伏岩溶及塌陷分布的基本规律,探讨了岩溶在漫长的地质时期形成的过程,及其表现的主要特征,指出了岩溶塌陷的形成机理及对建筑物的威胁,划出了防范区,最后,提出了防治对策。     

油田化学剂生物毒性的测定及其分级标准

通过试验建立了测定油田化学剂生物毒性的发光细菌法。用发光细菌法测定了几十种钻井/完井液添加剂和钻井／完井液体系的生物毒性，并在此基础上提出了油田化学剂生物毒性的分级标准。     

脱硫石膏农业利用研究进展与展望

概述火电厂脱硫石膏定义、生产过程和性质。简述了脱离石膏的工业利用，详述了脱离石膏对酸性和碱性土壤改良的现状和机理，并展望了脱硫石膏促进滩涂土植被演替的前景。     

铅锌硫化矿浮选废水回用的应用研究

通过对一矿山的铅锌硫化矿浮选废水回用工艺的分析，提出了对部分浮选废水直接回用，其余部分废水适度净化处理后再回用，使浮选废水100％回用于选矿生产的处理工艺，本工艺可达到使浮选废水的完全回用的目的，对国内众多的浮选企业提出了一种可行的废水处理方法。     

Bioaccumulation of lanthanum and cerium and their effects on the growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings

Through short-term exposure (7-d exposure), long-term exposure (16-d exposure) and exposure-recovery (7-d exposure + 9-d recovery), the bioaccumulation and distribution of La and Ce and their effects on growth of wheat seedlings were studied. Addition of La (0.5-25 mg/l) and Ce (0.5-25 mg/l) to the culture medium individually and in combination inhibited primary root elongation, reduced the dry weight of roots and shoots and the content of mineral elements (Ca, Mg, K, Cu, Zn). The damage increased with an increase in the concentrations of La and Ce in culture medium. Relative damage ratio increased with an increase in concentrations of La and Ce in the culture medium and with exposure time. Comparing exposure-recovery groups with long-term exposure groups, primary root lengths, dry weight of roots and shoots and the content of five mineral elements were higher. The accumulation of La and Ce in the seedlings was positively correlated with the concentrations of La and Ce in the culture medium and with exposure time. Bioaccumulation factors of La and Ce in roots were much higher than those of shoots. The uptake rates of La and Ce by the plants were much higher than the translocation rates from roots to shoots. The accumulation and distribution of La and Ce in the seedlings in exposure-recovery groups showed that there was very little excretion through metabolism during the recovery period, but redistribution occurred throughout the whole plant. No apparent selective uptake was found between La and Ce by the plants when they were applied in combination.     

偶氮染料结构与其生物降解性关系研究进展

本文阐述了偶氮染料结构－生物降解性定性关系，生物降解机制，并对偶氮染料结构－生物降解性定量关系的有关参数进行了论述。     

制定室内空气质量标准的几点意见

本文针对当前引人注目的室内空气污染问题，讨论了制定室内空气质量标准的意义、步骤和基本原则，指出了我国室内空气质量管理研究的方向。