304L不锈钢废水管线腐蚀泄漏失效分析

某304L不锈钢废水管线使用30天左右即发生腐蚀泄漏。采用宏观检验、化学成分分析、金相检验、电镜观察、三氯化铁试验等分析方法,对该废水管道的腐蚀泄漏进行失效分析。分析结果表明,该不锈钢管线所通的废水中含有高浓度的Cl^-,且试运行后一直未使用,最终在管内残留废水的作用下发生了点蚀穿孔。     

驻马店市区采暖季PM2.5时间和空间来源解析研究

为了明确驻马店市区PM_2.5污染特征及贡献源类,2019年1—3月在驻马店市区2个采样点采集PM_2.5样品,分析了其化学组分特征;结合PMF和后向轨迹模型构建了PM_2.5的时间和空间来源解析方法,并对该解析方法进行应用.结果表明:①采暖季,驻马店市区环境空气中ρ(PM_2.5)平均值为117 μg/m3,NO₃-和OC是其主导组分;ρ(OC)和ρ(EC)分别达18.2和5.2 μg/m3,且ρ(OC)/ρ(EC)平均值为3.5,说明机动车源和燃煤源的影响较明显.②ρ(SO₄2-)与ρ(NO₃-)相关性显著(R=0.80,P < 0.01),表明SO₄2-和NO₃-具有较高的同源性.③重污染过程中ρ(SNA)(SNA为SO₄2-、NO₃-和NH₄+三者统称)平均值为61.5 μg/m3,显著高于清洁期;重污染过程中硫氧化率(SOR)和氮氧化率(NOR)分别达0.42和0.39,说明存在明显的二次离子生成过程.④重污染过程中Si、Al、Mg等地壳类元素的浓度和占比均高于清洁期,说明重污染过程中扬尘源的贡献可能较高.⑤来源解析结果表明,二次源是采暖季PM_2.5的最大贡献源,贡献率为32.6%,其次为扬尘和生物质燃烧混合源(26.4%)、机动车源(21.4%)、燃煤源(13.2%)和工业源(6.3%);两次重污染过程中的最大贡献源分别为二次源(54.5%)和机动车源(46.2%),清洁期的主要贡献源主要为二次源(45.2%)和燃煤源(29.8%).从空间变化来看,扬尘和生物质燃烧混合源对天方二分厂的贡献率(29.3%)明显高于对彩印厂的贡献率(23.3%),而燃煤源对彩印厂的贡献率(16.5%)高于对天方二分厂的贡献率(10.1%),其他源类的贡献率相差不大.正东、东南以及西北方向是彩印厂和天方二分厂各类源的主要贡献方向.研究显示:二次源是采暖季、重污染期间和清洁期最大的贡献源;相比于清洁期,重污染期间扬尘和生物质燃烧混合源贡献增加.源类贡献存在空间差异,正东、东南及西北方向是采样点各类源主要贡献方向.      

北京市危险废物处置的现状及发展方向

本文介绍了北京市危险废物的安全现状及处置现状,分析了北京市危险废物处置中存在的问题,介绍了国家和北京市有关危险废物的政策及危险废物处置发展方向.     

Modeling of spatial and temporal variations of ozone-NOx-VOC sensitivity based on photochemical indicators in China

Comprehensive air quality model with extensions (CAMx)-decoupled direct method (DDM) was used to simulate ozone-NO_x-VOCs sensitivity of for May–November in 2016–2018 in China. Based on the relationship between the simulated ozone (O₃) sensitivity values and the ratio of formaldehyde (HCHO) to NO₂ (FNR) and the ratio of production rate of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) to production rate of nitric acid (HNO₃) ($P_{{\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_2}/P_{\text{HN}{\mathrm{O}}_3}$), the localized range of FNR and $P_{{\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_2}/P_{\text{HN}{\mathrm{O}}_3}$ thresholds in different regions in China were obtained. The overall simulated FNR values are about 1.640–2.520, and $P_{{\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_2}/P_{\text{HN}{\mathrm{O}}_3}$ values are about 0.540–0.830 for the transition regime. Model simulated O₃ sensitivities or region specific FNR or $P_{{\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_2}/P_{\text{HN}{\mathrm{O}}_3}$ thresholds should be applied to ensure the accurate local O₃ sensitivity regimes. Using the tropospheric column FNR values from ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) satellite data as an indicator with the simulated threshold values, the spatial distributions of O₃ formation regimes in China are determined. The O₃ sensitivity regimes from eastern to central China are gradually from VOC-limited, transition to NO_x-limited spatially, and moving toward to transition or NO_x-limited regime from 2005 to 2019 temporally.     

中亚五国气溶胶光学厚度时空分布特征研究

气溶胶时空变化是影响气溶胶气候效应不确定性的主要因素之一.在生态环境脆弱的中亚五国(哈萨克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦、土库曼斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦和塔吉克斯坦)研究气溶胶光学厚度(Aerosol Optical Depth,AOD)的时空变化对中亚地区及全球生态环境和气候变化具有重要意义.基于2002-2019年MODIS 04_...     

Effect of Mn2+ on the phosphorus removal and bioflocculation under anoxic condition

Manganese ion (Mn²⁺) generated from metallurgical, steel making and chemical industries enters sewage treatment plants and affects the sludge activity and flocculation. The effect of Mn²⁺ on the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phosphorus (TP) and sludge activity were investigated in anoxic zone of an anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A²O) process. The compositions and structures of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were characterized using three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (3D-EEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to reveal the relationship among Mn²⁺, EPS and sludge flocculation.The results showed that low concentration of Mn²⁺ (<5 mg/L) improved removal efficiencies of COD and TP and increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and dehydrogenase. Meanwhile, the addition of Mn²⁺ increased total EPS, sludge contact angle, Zeta potential and sludge particle size, and thus enhanced sludge flocculation. However, high concentration of Mn²⁺ (>10 mg/L) hindered microbial flocculation and reduced removal efficiencies of the pollutants. When Mn²⁺was 5 mg/L, removal efficiencies of COD and TP reached 65% and 90%, respectively. Sludge flocculation was the best and SVI was 70.56 mL/g. The changes of Mn²⁺ concentration caused deviation of groups’ compositions in LB-EPS and TB-EPS, where the main components were always protein (PN) and polysaccharide (PS). The addition of Mn²⁺ resulted in the degradation of humic acids. However, it did not give rise to significant morphology changes of EPS.     

A review on reactive transport model and porosity evolution in the porous media

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This work comprehensively reviews the equations governing multicomponent flow and reactive transport in porous media on the pore-scale, mesoscale and...     

活动式大罐收气装置及油气混输新工艺的应用

为了解决东营地区油罐每天都向大气排放工业废气，对环境造成污染的问题，研制了“活动式大罐收气装置”新工艺，用于回收联合站储油罐挥发气。该装置通过玻璃钢管线与油罐连接，油罐挥发气沿玻璃钢管线输至机房内气液分离器，分离出气中的水和轻质油，由天然气压缩机加压，经流量计计量后进入油田天然气气管网。该工艺推广后，经监测结果表明，所有采样点总烃含量低于国家标准２．０ｍｇ／ｍ３。目前全油田３０个联合站安装了此设施，每年回收天然气５１２５万ｍ３，轻质油７０００ｔ。