Loss and damage related to climate change: connotations and response mechanism

Global mitigative and adaptive efforts have not been able to effectively address the adverse impacts caused by climate change. Therefore, a direct solution is needed to address the significant resulting loss and damage (L&D). During the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change held in Doha in 2012, the issue of responding to L&D arising from climate change gained sudden traction and became one of the key issues that affected the outcome of the convention. In this paper, a study on the definition and connotations of L&D arising from climate change was conducted, together with an analysis of its relationship with related concepts, namely impacts, vulnerability, and risks. This led to the proposal of an L&D conceptual model that is more comprehensive, with the recognition of the need to address the issue through effective supplementation of existing mitigative and adaptive efforts. A systematic elaboration of an L&D response mechanism was made based on politics, law, and the market, leading to a preliminary presentation of a possible format for an L&D mechanism. Potential academic research directions for L&D were also proposed that could serve as references for the establishment of international and national L&D response mechanisms and related research.     

Exogenous fulvic acid enhances stability of mineral-associated soil organic matter better than manure

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Mineral-associated soil organic matter (MAOM) is seen as the key to soil carbon sequestration, but its stability often varies with types of exogenous...     

葡枝根霉(Rhizopus stolonifer)YF6脂肪酶基因的克隆及其序列分析

筛选并鉴定了1株高产脂肪酶菌株葡枝根霉YF6,并采用简并PCR等分子技术从中克隆到1个新的脂肪酶基因lipRs及其对应的全长cDNA,序列分析表明,该基因编码区全长1173bp,不含内含子序列,编码1段由26个氨基酸残基组成的信号肽和1个由365个氨基酸残基组成的成熟蛋白,该成熟蛋白计算分子量(Mr)为39268.27,等电点为pH7.66,有5个可能的N-糖基化位点,含有脂肪酶特征序列GHSLGGA,与来自米根霉(Rhizopus oryzae)的脂肪酶(AAF32408)同源性最高,一致性为83%,相似性为89%.该基因序列已提交GenBank,登录号为DQ139862.     

上海市中心城区主干道道路扬尘组分特征及来源解析

分析了上海市中心城区主干道道路扬尘的化学组分,并采用化学质量平衡模型进行了道路扬尘的源解析。结果表明,上海市中心城区主干道道路扬尘的主要化学组分为Si(18.285 0%(质量分数,下同))、Ca(5.772 2%)、Al(2.460 6%)、Fe(2.345 8%)、Mg(0.889 3%)、K(0.846 4%)、Na(0.785 6%)等地壳元素;源解析结果表明,道路扬尘的首要污染来源是建筑尘(贡献率为34.4%),其次是土壤风沙尘(贡献率为32.6%)、渣土尘(贡献率为20.8%)、机动车尾气尘(贡献率为0.8%)。土壤风沙尘、建筑尘和渣土尘是道路扬尘主要的供应者(贡献率合计超过80%)。     

UV及UV/US降解对二氯苯水溶液的研究

使用紫外光（UV）和超声波（US）降解水溶液中的对二氯苯（p-DCB）。考察了p-DCB初始浓度,初始pH、腐殖酸和H2O2的存在对p-DCB光解的影响。结果表明,较低的初始浓度或弱酸性pH有利于p-DCB降解。溶液中存在20 mg/L的腐殖酸可使p-DCB的反应速率常数提高32.6%。加入氧化剂H2O20=0.1 mmol/L,［H2O20=0.1 mmol/L,pH0=5.8,反应180 min条件下,p-DCB的降解率为95.5%。超声波对p-DCB的降解速率（14.6×10-3/min）大约是紫外光（4.3×10-3/min）的3.4倍,紫外光 超声波耦合时的降解速率（20.6×10-3/min）大于两者单独降解速率的加合。在各种实验条件下,p-DCB的降解均遵循表观一级动力学。     

桂林市开放扬尘源源谱构建及化学组成特征研究

为了揭示桂林市大气中开放源组分特征,本研究在桂林采集了土壤扬尘、道路扬尘、建筑扬尘、堆场扬尘样品,分析了多种无机元素和水溶性离子含量,构建了桂林市开放源源谱。结果表明:桂林市土壤扬尘、道路扬尘、建筑扬尘、堆场扬尘中主量成分主要包含Ca、Fe、Al,主要为地壳元素和建筑标志元素。所有开放扬尘源元素中Ca,道路扬尘中Cu、Zn,堆场扬尘Pb、Zn富集程度极强,这些元素受人为污染影响,主要来自建筑施工、机动车、燃煤等。桂林市开放扬尘源之间分歧系数大于0.2,各开放扬尘源之间化学组成相似度不高;建筑扬尘与道路扬尘、土壤扬尘之间的分歧系数相对较小(分别为0.37、0.39),相互影响较大。桂林市各开放扬尘源与上海市扬尘源之间的分歧系数高(分别为0.46、0.50、0.51),化学组分差异大,可能与两个城市主要产业、人为污染源的差异相关。     

脉冲清灰喷吹气流偏斜的优化研究

为研究改善除尘滤筒清灰过程中喷吹气流偏斜的问题,通过在多孔喷吹管上安装混流喷嘴,在滤筒迎流面和背流面6个测点分别安装压力传感器,测试不同喷吹压力和喷吹距离下的侧壁压力峰值。结果表明:安装混流喷嘴后,在最优喷吹压力0.4 MPa实验条件下,滤筒迎流面一侧与背流面一侧的压力峰值差距减小,压力动态波形图相似,清灰更加均匀,喷吹气流偏斜问题得到明显改善;在喷吹距离分别为210,240,270 mm时,随喷吹距离增加,6个测点的压力峰值整体均增加,矫正后的脉冲喷吹气流对滤筒的清灰能力得到有效提高,可以改善除尘滤筒清灰均匀性问题。