基于VFSMOD模型的河岸植被缓冲带划定方法

河岸植被缓冲带的划定是河流生态缓冲带建设和管理的基础。从面源污染阻控角度出发,根据河岸的土地利用类型,将各河流所处河段划分为堤防型河段、城镇型河段、农田型河段、村落型河段和林草型河段。采用植被过滤带模型(VFSMOD),并结合现有生态红线、河湖管理范围、城市蓝线等空间管控要求,提出了各类型缓冲带的划定方法,以期为我国河岸植被缓冲带的划定工作提供参考。     

Degradation of dissolved organic matter in effluent of municipal wastewater plant by a combined tidal and subsurface flow constructed wetland

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an important constituent of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. A novel combined tidal and subsurface flow constructed wetland (TF-SSF-CW) of 90 L was constructed for a ten-month trial of advanced treatment of the WWTP effluent. Excitation emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy, parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis and a two end-member mixing model were employed to characterize the composition and removal process of the effluent DOM (EfOM) from the WWTP. The results showed that the TF-SSF-CW performed an efficient EfOM removal with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal rate of 88% and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) removal rate of 91%. Further analysis demonstrated that the EfOM consisted mainly of two protein moieties and two humic-like groups; protein moieties (76%) constituted the main content of EfOM in raw water and humic-like groups (57%) became the dominating contributor after treatment. The EfOM from the WWTP was mainly of aquatic bacterial origin and evolved to a higher proportion of terrigenous origin with higher humification in the TF-SSF-CW effluent. A common controlling treatment-related factor for determining the concentrations of the same kind of substances (protein groups or humic-like groups) was revealed to exist, and the ratio of removal rates between the same substances in treatment was calculated. Our study demonstrates that the TF-SSF-CW can be a novel and effective treatment method for the EfOM from WWTPs, and is helpful for understanding of the character of EfOM in wetland treatment.     

生活垃圾填埋场矿化垃圾分选研究

对上海市老港生活垃圾填埋场填埋龄为1～14年的矿化垃圾进行了分选研究.结果表明,填埋龄在8年以上矿化垃圾细料(粒径＜50 mm)的百分比约占60%,而填埋龄低于5年的矿化垃圾细料比例低于40%.开采出来的垃圾经分选后的产品可得到有效的资源化利用.     

蚯蚓生物反应器污泥减量与稳定效果试验研究

蚯蚓生物反应器以蚯矧等微型动物和各种微生物为主形成生物降解系统.城镇污水经生物预处理后,经该反应器过滤,水质得到澄清和进一步改善,而水中含有的生物膜污泥则被滤床截留.通过蚯蚓的吸收、消化和分解转化为蚯蚓排泄物(蚓粪).中试运行结果表明,当蚯蚓生物反应器水力负荷为5.3～6.6 m3/(m2·d)时,在满足污水处理效果条件下,蚯蚓生物反应器对生物膜污泥挥发性悬浮固体(VSS)降解率为86.67%～96.20%.所产生的蚓粪VSS:SS为29.97%～31.20%,有机物降解率超过了厌氧消化与好氧消化处理污泥的效果.减量化和稳定化效果十分明显.该系统排出的蚓粪含有丰富的肥分,可用作农肥与土壤改良剂.     

不同热解温度的生物炭在土壤中的矿化作用研究

为探究不同热解温度的生物炭不同组分(易降解和相对难降解碳)对其在土壤中矿化作用的影响及机理,将生物质甘蔗渣和在300、500、800℃下热解生成的生物炭(分别表示为BC300、BC500、BC800)通过水洗法剥离出碳骨架部分,然后加入含有定量土壤菌悬液的石英砂中,设置了50 d的控温培养实验并测定培养过程中不同处理样品的矿化速率.结果表明,随着热解温度从300℃升高至800℃,生物炭的易降解碳含量降低,平均停留时间从2 d增加到38 d,相对难降解碳平均停留时间从14年增加到700多年.环境温度为25℃时,碳骨架中由于缺少微生物可利用的溶解性有机碳,所以在土壤中稳定性强.环境温度升高至35℃时,温度升高提高了微生物活性,增加了碳骨架的微生物可利用部分.800℃热解生成的生物炭(BC800)及其碳骨架(W800)的累积矿化量比空白低,且即使温度升高,W800的相对难降解碳含量仍然保持最高,表明高温生物炭具有更好的固碳效果.     

基于滚动球模型的油田新型HSE管理模式的构建与实践

为提升新疆油田HSE管理水平,本文基于滚动球模型将安全和环保贯穿于油田生产运行的全生命周期,融合构建出新型HSE管理模式.实践证明该管理模式推进HSE管理水平连续3年阶梯式上升,实现油田安全生产平稳运行,固体废物源头减量化,节约费用2400万元,保障油田高质量可持续发展.     

Removal effects and potential mechanisms of bisphenol A and 17α-ethynylestradiol by Biogenic Mn oxides generated by Bacillus sp. WH4

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), such as bisphenol A (BPA) and 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2), have increasingly negative effects on human and...