超低排放燃煤电厂中湿式电除尘器对可凝结颗粒物排放特性的影响

为了解不同负荷下超低排放燃煤电厂中湿式电除尘器（WESP）对可凝结颗粒物（CPM）排放特性的影响,基于US EPA Method 202搭建了CPM采样装置,分析了某安装有WESP的超低排放燃煤电厂烟气中CPM的排放水平,评估了机组负荷对CPM排放浓度的影响以及WESP对CPM中各组分的脱除效率．结果表明,在75%负荷和100%负荷条件下,超低排放电厂CPM的排放量分别为27.27 mg·m^-3和28.71 mg·m^-3,WESP对CPM的脱除效率分别为35.59%和27.59%.SO₄^2-是CPM中水溶性离子的主要成分,在不同负荷条件下SO₄^2-在CPM中无机组分的质量分数达到了65%以上;WESP对于CPM中Cl^-、K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺和Na⁺等无机离子的脱除效率可以达到30%～50%,但会使CPM中SO₄^2...     

硫代硫酸钠溶液修复重金属污染土壤的两种回收技术对比

研究了Na2S2O3溶液对污染土壤中Cu,Cd和Pb的去除能力,以及Na2S2O3萃取这三种金属分离技术的对比.结果表明,Na2S2O3溶液能有效地从土壤中萃取这三种金属,其萃取效率依次为:Cu>Cd>Pb.Na2S 沉淀分离法和阳离子交换树脂交换法均能分离出Na2S2O3萃取液中的Cu和Cd,去除率均达99%.但用Na2S2O3溶液萃取碱性土壤中的重金属时,阳离子交换树脂交换法分离重金属的效果较好,萃取酸性土壤中的重金属则用Na2S 沉淀分离法效果较好.     

填充柱(FID)-顶空气相色谱法测定水和废水中丙烯腈

本文用顶空气相色谱法测定水和废水中丙烯腈,具有简便、快速、灵敏、准确,干扰少,适用性强等优点,适用于不同类型的环境水样分析。     

对环境监测工作定位的探讨

随着我国环境法制的不断完善,对环境监测工作提出更高的要求,给环境监测工作明确“定位”是迫切需要解决的问题。根据法学原理,从环境监测的基本方针、主要任务、在诉讼中的作用以及技术鉴定对环境监测的要求及法律责任等方面进行探讨,阐述环境监测应定位于“技术鉴定”及环境监测工作在环境执法中的重要地位。     

Antibiotic contamination in a typical water-rich city in southeast China: a concern for drinking water resource safety

Abstract

The occurrence and distribution in the aquatic environment of Nanjing of 49 antibiotics from seven therapeutic classes were investigated using an improved analytical method developed for multiclass target analysis. The results showed that these antibiotics are widely present in the water bodies of this city, with a total concentration of up to 1.958?μg L^?1. The most abundant class was tetracyclines, contributing 43.7% to the total antibiotic burden. Lincomycin was detected in all samples, and the detection rate of clindamycin was 90.5%. An exploratory analysis of the data points was performed by unsupervised pattern recognition (hierarchical cluster analysis, HCA) in an attempt to clarify the pollution level in different sampling areas, and robust cluster solutions grouped the data according to their different antibiotic contaminant profiles. The safety of drinking water resources was emphasized, and the rivers, as the main receiving water body for treated and untreated wastewater in this city, were more seriously contaminated than the surrounding lakes and reservoir, not only in concentration but also in detection frequency, in our study as well as in similar research studies. A correlation analysis between the presence of antibiotics and the environmental factors was conducted, and it was found that antibiotic contamination and water quality were closely connected; the better the water quality, the lower the antibiotic contamination. Positive correlations existed between the antibiotics and tested heavy metals, as well as between antibiotics and boron and arsenic. However, whether these correlations resulted from their reaction or a common source was difficult to determine, and the mechanism requires further exploration.     

城市污水集中处理市场化模式研究

实行城市污水集中处理的市场化是社会主义市场经济与水环境保护的客观要求。在城市污水集中处理市场化的进程中，建立怎样的投资，收费与运营模式是摆在我们面前的一个新课题。笔者在考察日本，法国，美国等国的成功经验的基础上，结合我国国情对此作了较为深入的探讨。     

Transboundary hazardous waste management. Part I: Waste management policy of importing countries.

Mixed metal-containing waste, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) containing capacitors, printed circuit boards, steel mill dust and metal sludge were among the most common wastes exported from Taiwan. Before the implementation of the self-monitoring model programme of the Basel Convention (secretariat of the Basel Convention 2001) in the Asia region, Taiwan conducted a comprehensive 4-year follow-up project involving government authorities and the waste disposal facilities of the importing countries. A total of five countries and nine plants were visited in 2001-2002. The following outcomes can be drawn from these investigations. The Chinese government adopts the strategies of 'on-site processing' and 'relative centralization' on the waste management by tightening permitting and increasing site inspection. A three-level reviewing system is adopted for the import application. The United States have not signed the Basel Convention yet; the procedures of hazardous waste import rely on bilateral agreements. Importers are not required to provide official notification from the waste exporting countries. The operation, administration, monitoring and licensing of waste treatment plants are governed by the state environmental bureau. Finland, France and Belgium are members of the European Union. The procedures and policies of waste import are similar. All of the documents associated with transboundary movement require the approval of each government involved. Practically, the notification forms and tracking forms effectively manage the waste movement.     

Investigation of contact vacuuming for remediation of fungally contaminated duct materials

Environmental fungi become a potential Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) problem when adequate moisture and nutrients are present in building materials. Because of their potential to rapidly spread contamination throughout a building, ventilation system materials are of particular significance as potential microbial contamination sources. Current recommendations are to discard fibrous glass insulation that appears to be wet or moldy. Unfortunately, this advice is not always followed. Instead, cleaning is sometimes being used in buildings to remediate fibrous glass duct liner that is already contaminated with microbial growth. The objectives of this research program were to: 1) determine, under dynamic test conditions, whether fungal spore levels on heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) duct material surfaces could be substantially reduced by thorough vacuum cleaning, 2) evaluate whether subsequent fungal growth could be limited or contained by mechanical cleaning, and 3) provide data concerning the advisability of cleaning duct materials. The constant high relative humidity (RH) environment to which the test materials were exposed during this study was selected as a favorable growth environment that is frequently found in Southeastern United States HVAC systems. The results showed that, following cleaning, the levels of the two test fungi, A. versicolor and P. chrysogenum, recovered to preclean levels within 6 weeks. Therefore, mechanical cleaning by contact vacuuming alone was able to only temporarily reduce the surface fungal load. The current guidelines to discard contaminated materials should be followed.     

Attributes of a hopper-predator community in a rice field

A hopper-predator community in an experimental rice field was observed weekly with regard to information content (H′), formation of a geometric series or the grade of orderly distribution of component taxa (R²), and clumping index (I). These community attributes changed with time in close association with one another, and attained the highest values around the heading time of the rice. Significant correlations were found between the density of prey and that of predators when a certain time-lag was assumed for the increase of predators.     

上海市在用车监测与维修制度探讨

根据上海市机动车辆的管理现状，提出上海市在用车I/M制度体系网络、监测方法、数据收集网络与“通过/不通过”排放限值方面的基本设想，为建立一个真正有效的在用车监测与维修制度提供依据。