Rapid reductive destruction of hazardous organic compounds by nanoscale Fe0

Fe0-mediated reductive destruction of hazardous organic compounds such as chlorinated organic compounds (COCs) and nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) in the aqueous phase is one of the latest innovative technologies. In this paper, rapid reductive degradation of COCs and NACs by synthesized nanoscale Fe0 in anaerobic batch systems was presented. The nanoscale Fe0, characterized by high specific surface area and high reactivity, rapidly transformed trichloroethylene (TCE), chloroform (CF), nitrobenzene (NB), nitrotoluene (NT), dinitrobenzene (DNB) and dinitrotoluene (DNT) under ambient conditions, which results in complete disappearance of the parent compounds from the aqueous phase within a few minutes. GC analysis reported that the main products of the dechlorination of TCE and CF were ethane and methane as well as that most of the nitro groups in NACs were reductively transformed to amine groups. These results suggest that the rapid reductive destruction by nanoscale Fe0 is potentially a viable in situ or aboveground treatment of groundwater contaminated with hazardous organic compounds including COCs and NACs.     

Investigation of polychlorinated biphenyl removal from contaminated soil using microwave-generated steam

A feasibility study of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) removal from contaminated soils using microwave-generated steam (MGS) was performed. Initial experimental results show that MGS effectively removed PCBs from contaminated soil with an overall removal efficiency of greater than 98% at a steam-to-soil mass ratio of 3:1. Removal efficiency was found to be dependent upon the amount of steam employed, expressed as a mass ratio of steam applied to soil mass. Evaporation was identified as a major mechanism in removing PCBs from the soil. Rapid expansion and evaporation of pore water by microwave dielectric heating accelerated evaporation rates of PCB molecules. Increased solubility of PCBs into the heated aqueous phase is also hypothesized. Together these effects increase mass-transfer rates, thus enhancing removal of PCBs from the soil.     

PFOS对星形胶质细胞表观遗传调控作用初探

脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)甲基化在全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)神经毒性中的作用已证实,但表观遗传修饰中其他调控因子在PFOS对星形胶质细胞毒性中的影响仍有待探索。本文以大鼠原代星形胶质细胞为体外生物体系,建立24 h PFOS(0、25、50和100μmol·L~(-1))暴露模型,通过观察PFOS暴露对星形胶质细胞表观遗传调控主要分子DNA甲基化酶(DNMTs)、组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDACs)和小泛素化修饰物(SUMOs)的影响,初步明确表观遗传调控机制参与PFOS神经毒性作用。采用Hoechst 33258检测细胞凋亡,利用ELISA试剂盒检测HDACs含量,以实时荧光定量PCR考察DNMTs、HDACs和SUMOs基因表达。结果显示,星形胶质细胞暴露于一定浓度PFOS(≥25μmol·L~(-1))时产生凋亡现象(P0.05),HDACs含量升高(P0.05),且DNMT1、HDAC1/2/4与SUMO-1的基因表达显著升高(P0.05);而当PFOS浓度高于50μmol·L~(-1)时,可显著诱导DNMT3A、SUMO-2的基因表达(P0.05); DNMT3B在PFOS≥25μmol·L~(-1)时,其基因表达具有升高趋势,但不具统计学显著性(P0.05)。结果表明,PFOS可以影响星形胶质细胞的表观遗传修饰;表观遗传修饰可能是PFOS神经毒性作用机制之一。     

Concentrations of arsenic and heavy metals in vegetation at two abandoned mine tailings in South Korea

Untreated abandoned mines may result in hazards to ecosystems due to dispersion of various toxic elements such as arsenic (As) and lead (Pb). Phytoremediation is an alternative of remediation for large scale mine dumps. Plant species were sampled from two abandoned gold (Au) mines in South Korea. Plant samples were digested following the guidelines of US EPA Method 3050 (US-EPA, 1996) and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Concentrations and bioaccumulation factors of plants are reported and out-performing species are summarized. Poplar trees (Populus davidiana) growing on the Myoungbong tailings were suggested to be a potential species for revegetation of large scale Au mine tailings. Arsenic accumulations of bracken ferns (Pteridium aquilinum) sampled from the Duckum tailings were far lower than those of the reported hyperaccumulators, but the possible chronic adverse effects on residents through daily diet are of concern.     

昆明地区酸雨时空分布及其成因初探

对1995－1999年昆明地区降雨监测资料的分析，昆明地区酸雨主要为局 地污染引起的硫酸型酸雨，酸雨污染近五年呈明显上升趋势，在空间分布上，城区酸雨频率和强度均明显强于效县。     

论中—下扬子“一盖多底”格局与演化

本文是“长江中小下游及邻区构造地质图1／100万”（85－901－03）的研究成果。在区内划分出4种变质基底，结合深部资料确定4个构造—地层地体．讨论了各自组成、历史和相互拼接时代，强调了晚元古代普宁运动在地质发展中的重大意义。认为晋宁运动Ⅰ幕（1000－900Ma）是杨子区内各地体向崆岭—董岭古陆拼贴的增生期．扬子地块形成；晋宁运动Ⅱ幕（800－700Ma）是华北—扬子—华夏地块对接时代．形成古中国大陆。古生代以来为盖层发育阶段。提出中下扬子的“一盖多底”的地壳结构。纵览扬子地块地质发展和演化．可分为四个历史时期：基底发育与古中国大陆形成期；盖层发育与加里东运动；欧亚大陆形成与印支运动；陆缘—板内变形与燕山运动。     

煤矿开采沉陷区综合整治与生态恢复的研究

煤炭资源大多分布在中国的生态脆弱区或粮食生产区,煤矿开采沉陷导致大量的土地遭受破坏,根据煤矿区地表沉陷的特点,利用采煤沉陷地复垦方法,对沉陷区进行综合整治及生态恢复,使受轻度影响的耕地经过简单整治全部可以恢复原有生产力;受中度影响的耕地经过复垦整治可恢复生产能力;受重度影响的耕地采用铲运机械分层剥离分层回填工艺,可恢复耕地功能.     

塌陷区回填煤矸石复垦

在矿区,地下煤炭资源被大量开采,破坏了岩体原有的平衡状态,被开采煤层的上覆岩层将依次发生冒落、断裂、弯曲等移动变形。晋城矿务局王台铺矿三号煤层赋存条件好,煤层平均厚度6.5m,盖山厚度薄,煤层埋藏深度为35～100m之间。煤层采过之后,在采空区上方地表造成大面     

锥杯试验在汽车深冲钢板成形性能评价方面的应用研究

通过对几种汽车用钢板的实验研究总结了锥杯值与薄板的顶压值、rm值、 n值、屈服点和抗拉强度的对应关系,阐述了锥杯试验方法在汽车深冲钢板成形性评价方面的意义,以及对于实际生产的指导作用。     

优势工程菌在H/O工艺中处理制药废水的研究

采用水解 (H)—好氧 (O)生化工艺研究了优势复合工程菌对抗生素工业废水有机质的降解能力并进行了处理条件试验研究。探讨了预处理、生化温度、pH值、水力停留时间、进水有机物浓度等因素对生化处理工艺的影响。试验结果表明 ,在选定的条件下 ,水解单元COD的降解率达 71 9%。好氧单元COD的降解率达 62 9% ,总去除率达 98 5%。达到国家规定的制药行业排放标准 ,出水的COD平均浓度低于 30 0mg/L。