Chemical compositions and radiative properties of dust and anthropogenic air masses study in Taipei Basin, Taiwan, during spring of 2004

Asia is one of the major sources of not only mineral dust but also anthropogenic aerosols. Continental air masses associated with the East Asian winter monsoon always contain high contents of mineral dust and anthropogenic species and transported southeastward to Taiwan, which have significant influences on global atmospheric radiation transfer directly by scattering and absorbing solar radiation in each spring. However, few measurements for the long-range transported aerosol and its optical properties were announced in this area, between the Western Pacific and the southeastern coast of Mainland China. The overall objective of this work is to quantify the optical characteristics of different aerosol types in the Eastern Asian. In order to achieve this objective, meteorological parameters, concentrations of PM₁₀ and its soluble species, and optical property of atmospheric scattering coefficients were measured continuously with 1 h time-resolved from 11 February to 7 April 2004 in Taipei Basin (25°00′N, 121°32′E). In this work, the dramatic changes of meteorological parameters such as temperature and winds were used to determine the influenced period of each air mass. Continental, strong continental, marine, and stagnant air masses defined by the back-trajectory analysis and local meteorology were further characterized as long-range transport pollution, dust, clean marine, and local pollution aerosols, respectively, according to the diagnostic ratios. The aerosol mass scattering efficiency of continental pollution, dust, clean marine, and local pollution aerosols were ranged from 1.3 to 1.6, 0.7 to 1.0, 1.4 and 1.4 to 2.3 m² g⁻¹, respectively. Overall, there are two distinct populations of aerosol mass scattering efficiencies, one for an aerosol chemical composition dominated by dust (<1.0 m² g⁻¹) and the other for an aerosol chemical composition dominated by anthropogenic pollutants (1.3–2.3 m² g⁻¹), which were similar to the previous measurements with high degree of temporal resolution.     

Historical trends of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs in sediments buried in a reservoir in Northern Taiwan

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD), polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations were analyzed at 1-2cm intervals in a sediment core collected from a reservoir in Northern Taiwan to evaluate the organic pollution history. The highest PCDD/F (14.4ng TEQ/kg d.w.) and PCB (0.261ng TEQ(WHO)/kg d.w.) concentrations were determined at 13-15cm (estimated year: 1992). The ages of the levels of sediment core were estimated from the sedimentation rate. Analysis results demonstrate that the PCDD/F concentration of the sediment core measured in the reservoir reached their peak when the municipal waste incinerators (MWIs) in the area started to operate. Furthermore, the decrease in sediment core PCDD/F concentration is related to the time of enforcement of the PCDD/F emission limit set by the Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) in Taiwan. Significant distribution of OCDD in homologue profiles was noted in archived soil samples in Taiwan in which the major input of PCDD/Fs was thought to be atmospheric. Major PCB congeners found in the sediment core were the major components of the commercial PCB products. Input fluxes of PCDD/Fs (5.75-158ng-I-TEQ/m(2)-yr) and PCBs (0.248-3.71ng TEQ(WHO)/m(2)yr) into the reservoir of interest are also calculated from the concentration and sedimentation rate of the sediment. The results reveal that considerable amounts of PCDD/Fs and PCBs were carried into the reservoir of interest in the flood stage but not during normal stage.     

减少氮、磷损失,控制其对环境污染的途径

本文从改进肥料施用技术、改性现有肥料、阻断农田氮磷损失的物理和化学措施、运用生物学途径以及植物生长调节物质等方面综述了当前提高氮、磷肥料利用效率,减少氮、磷对环境污染的途径.     

江苏数字地震台网地震监测能力估算

采用理论计算和实测相结合的方法估计了江苏数字地震台网的地震监测能力。虽然用两种方法得到的监测区略有差异 ,但几何形状相近 ,其公共区域部分更趋合理地反映了目前江苏数字地震台网的监测范围。比较了速度型和位移型地震记录的差异 ,并讨论了其监测范围差异的原因     

负载型钛凝胶的制备及其吸附去除三价砷的性能

针对钛凝胶(titanium xerogel,TAX)对三价砷[As(Ⅲ)]的吸附容量高(254 mg·g^-1)但速率慢的问题,通过浸渍法,将TAX负载到活性炭、海绵及树脂材料制备负载型吸附剂,并评价其除砷性能.除海绵外,活性炭和树脂均能成功负载TAX,其中活性炭基材料的钛负载量在1.4%左右,树脂基材料在5%左右.树脂和活性炭的负载均提高了TAX的除砷速率,且树脂基材料提高的程度更明显.对于初始质量浓度为1.0 mg·L^-1的As(Ⅲ)溶液,树脂基材料(TAX@D201)的吸附速率为0.85mg·(g·min)^-1,是未负载TAX吸附速率[0.04 mg·(g·min)^-1]的21倍.在处理实际含砷地下水的柱实验中,TAX@树脂的有效床体积(BV)达560 BV,是相同金属负载量载铁树脂材料的2.8倍(199 BV).本文结果表明将TAX负载于大孔树脂是一条有效的策略,为TAX应用于含砷地下水的净化提供了新思路.     

Responses of herbaceous mimosa (Mimosa strigillosa), a new reclamation species, to cyclic moisture stress

A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the response of herbaceous mimosa (Mimosa strigillosa) to six levels of cyclic soil moisture stresses in a 17-week period. The results showed that the cultivar continued to grow and the biomass continued to increase even when the soil moisture stress was as high as at the wilting point (1500 Kpa). Also, transpiration recovery rate was quick and values of root/shoot ratio were high when the plant was subject to the cyclic moisture stress condition. All these characteristics, along with strong rooting and spreading ability, suggest this legume as a promising drought hardiness species for reclamation purposes.     

水和正已烷中痕量四氯联苯光降解研究

多氯联苯(PC_Bs)已成为全球性污染物,在人类生存的各种环境因素中,包括空气、水体、土壤、生物体,甚至远离大陆的海洋中已都发现PC_Bs的存在.自从发现PC_Bs能吸收190—240nm和280—310nm紫外光以来,人们推断PC_Bs吸收阳光中的紫外线后的光降解可能是从环境中除去PC_Bs的一种有效途径.因此对PC_Bs的光降解.     

关于防止船舶垃圾对水域的污染

系统介绍了有关防止船舶垃圾污染的国际公约及其国内法律规定；并对加强船舶垃圾管理工作提出了几点建议。     

凤眼莲净化含酚污水的研究——Ⅰ.盆栽和氧化塘试验及几种环境条件对除酚的影响

通过盆栽、模拟箱和氧化塘中凤眼莲净化含酚污水的试验表明:放养凤眼莲能使除酚过程加快,在0.6—10mg/L酚浓度范围内,植物净化速率为一般自然净化速率的2—3倍。在温度17—37℃范围内,凤眼莲均能明显加速酚水的净化。光照强度对凤眼莲净化酚水速率无显著影响。平衡地提高水中矿质营养元素的浓度,能加速除酚的过程。 水中含酚量小于1mg/L不造成植株中酚的残留;6mg/L以下酚含量增加亦不明显;10mg/L以上则随酚浓度的提高,植株中酚含量成倍增加。