微污染水源水生物处理工艺中IAL-CHS与三相流化床的初步比较

初步比较气升式内循环蜂窝陶瓷反应器(IAL-CHS)和内循环三相流化床反应器(ITFB)对微污染水源水进行生物预处理的效果。IAL-CHS反应器比ITFB反应器挂膜启动速度快,但是在挂膜期承受冲击负荷能力较ITFB反应器差。在进水相同条件下,两者所能达到的最小水力停留时间、最大体积负荷和容积负荷相差不大,但是ITFB反应器的曝气强度却为IAL-CHS反应器的3.33倍,并且比IAL-CHS反应器出水SS高,浊度去除率低,单位载体的生物量及活性生物量小。     

A Hierarchical Approach to Forest Landscape Pattern Characterization

Landscape spatial patterns have increasingly been considered to be essential for environmental planning and resources management. In this study, we proposed a hierarchical approach for landscape classification and evaluation by characterizing landscape spatial patterns across different hierarchical levels. The case study site is the Red Hills region of northern Florida and southwestern Georgia, well known for its biodiversity, historic resources, and scenic beauty. We used one Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper image to extract land-use/-cover information. Then, we employed principal-component analysis to help identify key class-level landscape metrics for forests at different hierarchical levels, namely, open pine, upland pine, and forest as a whole. We found that the key class-level landscape metrics varied across different hierarchical levels. Compared with forest as a whole, open pine forest is much more fragmented. The landscape metric, such as CONTIG_MN, which measures whether pine patches are contiguous or not, is more important to characterize the spatial pattern of pine forest than to forest as a whole. This suggests that different metric sets should be used to characterize landscape patterns at different hierarchical levels. We further used these key metrics, along with the total class area, to classify and evaluate subwatersheds through cluster analysis. This study demonstrates a promising approach that can be used to integrate spatial patterns and processes for hierarchical forest landscape planning and management.     

An assessment of landscape characteristics affecting estuarine nitrogen loading in an urban watershed

Exploring the quantitative association between landscape characteristics and the ecological conditions of receiving waters has recently become an emerging area for eco-environmental research. While the landscape-water relationship research has largely targeted on inland aquatic systems, there has been an increasing need to develop methods and techniques that can better work with coastal and estuarine ecosystems. In this paper, we present a geospatial approach to examine the quantitative relationship between landscape characteristics and estuarine nitrogen loading in an urban watershed. The case study site is in the Pensacola estuarine drainage area, home of the city of Pensacola, Florida, USA, where vigorous urban sprawling has prompted growing concerns on the estuarine ecological health. Central to this research is a remote sensor image that has been used to extract land use/cover information and derive landscape metrics. Several significant landscape metrics are selected and spatially linked with the nitrogen loading data for the Pensacola bay area. Landscape metrics and nitrogen loading are summarized by equal overland flow-length rings, and their association is examined by using multivariate statistical analysis. And a stepwise model-building protocol is used for regression designs to help identify significant variables that can explain much of the variance in the nitrogen loading dataset. It is found that using landscape composition or spatial configuration alone can explain most of the nitrogen loading variability. Of all the regression models using metrics derived from a single land use/cover class as the independent variables, the one from the low density urban gives the highest adjusted R-square score, suggesting the impact of the watershed-wide urban sprawl upon this sensitive estuarine ecosystem. Measures towards the reduction of non-point source pollution from urban development are necessary in the area to protect the Pensacola bay ecosystem and its ecosystem services.     

Effects of sulfur dioxide pollution on the translocation and accumulation of heavy metals in soybean grain

Background  

Open-top chambers were used to study the impact of simultaneous exposure to atmospheric SO₂ pollution and heavy metal contamination in soils on the metal contents and productivity of soybean plant.     

Mg—Al水滑石对偶氮染料活性艳红X-3B的脱色性能研究

采用共沉淀法合成出一系列镁铝摩尔比不同的碳酸根型水滑石（LDHs）,经500℃高温煅烧制备出镁铝复合氧化物CLDH,并用X-射线、红外光谱对它们进行表征。考查了吸附剂投加量、反应时间、初始pH值等因素对LDHs和CLDH处理阴离子染料活性艳红X-3B模拟废水效果的影响,并对吸附机理进行探讨。实验结果表明：以镁铝摩尔比为3：1时制得的水滑石对活性艳红X-3B溶液的脱色效果最好。水滑石LDHs及其焙烧产物CLDH对活性艳红X-3B染料均具有较好的吸附性能,最佳反应时间分别为60min和30min;在较宽的pH范围内二者的脱色性能稳定,且CLDH对该染料的吸附效果要优于LDHs。LDHs及CLDH对活性艳红X-3B的吸附结果符合Langmuir吸附等温式,25℃下饱和吸附量分别为263．77mg／g和875．23mg／g。LDHs及CLDH的吸附机理分别为离子交换和层状结构重建。饱和吸附后的CLDH用高温热解法再生,吸附性能良好,随再生次数增多,脱色率下降。     

CFBC固硫灰和粉煤灰复掺作水泥混合材的研究

循环流化床燃烧技术是一种节能环保的先进燃烧煤技术,但其燃烧产物固硫灰的综合利用是个重要难题.将CFBC固硫灰和普通粉煤灰复合化处理,研究了复合混合材对水泥胶砂物理性能和水泥净浆膨胀性能的影响.实验结果表明:固硫灰和粉煤灰复掺存在超叠加效应,在合适的互掺比例和细度下复合混合材具有比单掺更好的水泥胶砂强度;掺加30%复合混...     

含氰化物废水生物处理研究进展

综述了含氰化物废水的主要处理技术和存在的问题,探讨了微生物降解氰化物的生物化学途径以及生物降解机理.介绍了影响氰化物生物降解性能的因素和含氰化物废水的生物处理特点,综述了含氰化物废水生物处理的最新研究进展,并展望了微生物降解氰化物技术的发展趋势与应用前景.     

陕西分区烈度衰减关系研究

在合理分区、收集整理陕西及邻近地区1900年以来5级以上地震资料的基础上,利用烈度衰减的椭圆模型,采用多元稳健线性回归方法,分区统计计算得到陕西陕南、关中和陕北地区的烈度衰减关系,并对结果进行了分析讨论。     

利用盐泥制取轻质氧化镁

采用二氧化碳法提取盐泥中的镁,研究了使之转化为轻质氧化镁的影响因素以及主要反应的动力学性质。实验确定的最佳条件为固液比1∶15、二氧化碳通入时间90min、水解温度90℃、水解时间25min,在此条件下,盐泥中镁的总提取率为75%;采用微分法求得氢氧化镁与二氧化碳反应的反应级数和活化能分别为1.7和68.1kJ/mol。     

Eutrophication assessment and management methodology of multiple pollution sources of a landscape lake in North China

Landscape lakes in the city suffer high eutrophication risk because of their special characters and functions in the water circulation system. Using a landscape lake HMLA located in Tianjin City, North China, with a mixture of point source (PS) pollution and non-point source (NPS) pollution, we explored the methodology of Fluent and AQUATOX to simulate and predict the state of HMLA, and trophic index was used to assess the eutrophication state. Then, we use water compensation optimization and three scenarios to determine the optimal management methodology. Three scenarios include ecological restoration scenario, best management practices (BMPs) scenario, and a scenario combining both. Our results suggest that the maintenance of a healthy ecosystem with ecoremediation is necessary and the BMPs have a far-reaching effect on water reusing and NPS pollution control. This study has implications for eutrophication control and management under development for urbanization in China.