二氧化钛纳米材料的合成及其在环保领域的应用研究进展

综述了近年来纳米TiO2光催化剂在制备方法、表面改性、光催化氧化机理及应用方面的研究进展，提出了半导体催化剂的研究发展的方向。     

安全评价中危险辨识的地位、存在问题和对策

生产企业、系统、工程或设备的安全性程度 ,需按有关规定或技术要求 ,进行各种形式的安全评价。安全评价是危险评价 ,其中辨识危险在安全评价中具有重要意义。笔者论述了危险辨识在安全评价中的地位 ;指出了危险辨识存在的问题 ;从资料准备、企业调研、危险辨识方法、行业专家作用和人员素质等 7个方面提出了解决现存问题的对策及措施。安全评价是落实“安全第一 ,预防为主”方针 ,消除隐患 ,预防和预测事故 ,确保安全生产的重要手段     

城市公共安全规划模式的研究

在分析城市公共安全规划的意义及其理论的基础上 ,笔者提出了城市公共安全规划的基本模式。所研究的主要内容包括 :城市公共安全规划目标及可行性分析、信息采集与现状调查、风险评价与预测、风险区划和专项规划、规划方案的设计与优化、规划方案的决策与审批、规划方案的实施等。     

森林野外火火区上的浮力流动与降雨的相互作用模型

本文是在《森林野外火火区上的浮力流动及其与一些环境气象因素关系的数值模拟》的基础上进行的。上文求解了无降雨时的气体流动情况,本文在此基础上加入了降雨模型,形成了能体现降雨与气流相互作用的程序。本文算出了不同大小的雨滴的下落过程,并能估计出多大的雨滴可落入燃烧区。     

氯乙酸母液氢解制氯乙酸

以氯乙酸母液和氢气为原料，开发了氢解制氯乙酸的新工艺。文中介绍了氢解了反应原理和工艺流程，并介绍了母液预处理，催化剂筛选及氢解反应条件等试验。中试验连续运转的结果表明，工艺路线合理可行，催化剂活性稳定，单程氢解产品产率达到９４％以上，产品氯乙酸的质量达到行业标准，装置运行安全可靠。     

农业结构调整与农作物病虫害减灾对策

农业产业结构调整是我国农业生产发展的战略决策,论述了农业产业结构调整的必然性和在农业结构调整期农作物病虫灾害可持续治理的对策。     

Removal of high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contaminated soil by biodiesel

Solubilizing experiments were carried out to evaluate the ability of biodiesel to remove polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from highly contaminated manufactured gas plant (MGP) and PAHs spiked soils with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) and tween 80 as comparisons. Biodiesel displayed the highest solubilities of phenanthrene (420.7 mg·L⁻¹), pyrene (541.0 mg·L⁻¹), and benzo(a)pyrene (436.3 mg·L⁻¹). These corresponded to several fold increases relative to 10% HPCD and tween 80. Biodiesel showed a good efficiency for PAH removal from the spiked and MGP soils for both low molecular weight and high molecular weight PAHs at high concentrations. Biodiesel was the best agent for PAH removal from the spiked soils as compared with HPCD and tween 80; as over 77.9% of individual PAH were removed by biodiesel. Tween 80 also showed comparable capability with biodiesel for PAH solubilization at a concentration of 10% for the spiked soils. Biodiesel solubilized a wider range of PAHs as compared to HPCD and tween 80 for the MPG soils. At PAH concentrations of 229.6 and 996.9 mg·kg⁻¹, biodiesel showed obvious advantage over the 10% HPCD and tween 80, because it removed higher than 80% of total PAH. In this study, a significant difference between PAH removals from the spiked and field MGP soils was observed; PAH removals from the MGP soil by HPCD and tween 80 were much lower than those from the spiked soil. These results demonstrate that the potential for utilizing biodiesel for remediation of highly PAH-contaminated soil has been established.     

Effects of chronic exposure to nonylphenol on locomotor activity and social behavior in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Nonylphenol(NP),a xenoestrogen ubiquitously found in aquatic ecosystems,is of high environmental concern.The present work assessed the effects of exposure to NP on locomotor activity and social behavior in male and female zebrafish(Danio rerio),to evaluate the possible hazard of NP to fish behavior and to pursue a potential biomarker of NP contamination.Fish were randomly divided into six groups.Five groups were receiving 0.1,1,10,50 and 100 μg/L nominal concentrations of NP for 60 days,respectively.A sixth control group was given the same treatment as the other five groups,but no NP.Locomotor activity,aggressive behavior,group preference and leaving shoal were examined.NP exposure showed marked influence on locomotor activity of the male zebrafish,whereas that of the female was not significantly affected by NP.Aggressive behavior and group preference were significantly affected by NP exposure in both male and female groups.Locomotor activity and aggressive behavior of the male and group preference of both male and female zebrafish were clearly inhibited at 100 μg/L NP.No significant alteration in leaving shoal was observed under NP exposure.The results suggested that changes in locomotor activity and aggressive behavior of the male and group preference of both male and female may be used as an ecologically relevant integrative biomarker of NP contamination.     

广州市环境保护“十二五”规划指标体系研究

环境保护目标和指标体系是环境保护规划的核心内容,具有重要意义。文章根据广州市环境现状和趋势,结合对广州市“十一五”规划指标及其他指标体系的分析研究,提出了广州市环境保护“十二五”规划指标体系的初步设想,构建了包含10个类别、37个指标的规划指标体系。     

Reliability and input-data induced uncertainty of the EPIC model to estimate climate change impact on sorghum yields in the U.S. Great Plains

Crop simulation models are frequently used to estimate the impact of climate change on crop production. However, few studies have evaluated the model performance in ways that most researchers practiced in climate impact studies. In this article, we examined the reliability of the EPIC model in simulating grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) yields in the U.S. Great Plains under different climate scenarios, namely in years with normal or extreme temperature and precipitation. We also investigated model uncertainties introduced by input data that are not site-specific but commonly used or available for climate change studies. Historical field trial data of sorghum at the Mead Experimental Center, NE, were used for model evaluations. The results showed that overall model reliability was about 56%. The mean absolute relative error (absRE) was about 29%. The degree of accuracy and reliability varied with climate-classes and nitrogen (N)-treatments. The largest bias occurred in drought years (RE = ?25%) and the most unreliable results were found in N-0 treatment (reliability = 32%). There was more than 69% probability that input-data-induced uncertainties were limited to less than 20% of absRE. Our results support the application of the EPIC model to climate change impact studies in the U.S. Great Plains. However, efforts are needed to improve the accuracy in simulating crop responses to extreme water- and nitrogen-stressed conditions.