Pollution characteristics of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere of Haicang District in Xiamen City, Southeast China

The compositions, spatial distributions, seasonal variations and ozone formation potential (OFP) of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were investigated in the atmosphere of Haicang District, Xiamen City, Southeast China. Twenty-four types of VOCs were measured in this study, and ethanol, methylene chloride, toluene, ethyl acetate and isopropyl alcohol were the abundant species based on concentration rank. The concentrations of total VOCs (TVOCs) in industrial areas were higher than those in residential and administrative areas and background site. For industrial areas, the TVOCs concentrations in summer were higher than those in winter, which might result from higher emissions from industrial activities because of stronger evaporation in summer. In contrast, non-industrial areas showed higher concentrations in winter due to the unfavorable meteorological conditions. The spatial distribution of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene) followed the order of industrial areas > residential and administrative areas > background site, and the concentrations in summer were lower than those in winter for most sites. The high ratios (8.9-14.0) of T/B in this study indicated that industrial emissions were the main sources in this district. X/B ratios were used to assess the ages of air parcels and provided evidence of the transport of air parcels among these sites. Total OFP (TOFP) showed the trend of increase with the increase of TVOCs, and toluene was found as the major contributor to TOFP.     

邯郸地区2017—2021年PM2.5和O3污染特征

利用实时监测数据分析2017—2021年邯郸市及周边区县PM_2.5和O₃污染特征。研究发现:2017—2021年各地区PM_2.5年均质量浓度持续降低,轻度及轻度以上污染逐渐减少;2017—2019年O₃污染加剧,2020年起O₃年均质量浓度逐年下降,污染天不断减少。PM_2.5和O₃-8 h分别在1月(平均浓度为127.3 μg/m³,平均超标22d)和6月(平均浓度为233.4 μg/m³,平均超标22 d)污染最严重。结合气象参数分析来看,PM_2.5与温度、风速和降水量呈显著负相关,与相对湿度呈显著正相关;O₃-8h与温度呈显著正相关,而与风速、湿度和降水量的相关性较弱。后向轨迹和潜在源分析表明:邯郸地区PM_2.5典型污染月受山西省中部地区污染传输影响最大,O₃典型污染月受河南省东部污染传输影响最大。     

基于均匀试验的混凝土裂缝宽度影响因素分析

桥梁裂缝宽度的大小直接影响桥梁使用过程中的耐久性和安全性,裂缝宽度可以用配筋率、混凝土强度、理论厚度和环境湿度等因素来控制。为了研究以上4个因素对裂缝宽度的影响,以贵州某空心板桥为例,使用Midas/Civil进行建模分析,并用均匀试验设计法来确定各因素的影响程度。结果显示,配筋率以及环境湿度的影响较大,混凝土强度和理论厚度影响较小。所得结论为混凝土桥梁的设计研究提供了参考。     

Effects of H19/SAHH/DNMT1 on the oxidative DNA damage related to benzo[a]pyrene exposure

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The mechanisms that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) H19 binding to S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) interacted with DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1)...     

Differences of methods to quantify construction and demolition waste for less-developed but fast-growing countries: China as a case study

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - As China and other developing countries continue to urbanize over the next decades, construction and demolition waste (CDW) management has been...     

Characterization and assessment of contaminated soil and groundwater at an organic chemical plant site in Chongqing,Southwest China

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Contamination from organic chemical plants can cause serious pollution of soil and groundwater ecosystems. To characterize soil contamination and to evaluate...     

中国沿海地区台风灾害损失评估研究

沿海地区作为人口积聚、国民经济和社会发展的重要区域和战略中心,在台风灾害中遭受的损失往往是惨重和致命的,所以亟待开展沿海地区台风灾害损失评估研究。根据1990-2007年的台风灾情资料,选取代表性指标尝试构建了台风灾情评估模型,并对沿海省市的台风灾害损失及其与致灾因子的关系进行分析评价。结果显示:除个别区域外,沿海地区台风灾害损失都呈下降趋势,但各区域下降的幅度不等,其中浙江省、江苏省和海南省下降幅度较低,均不足10%;浙江省、福建省和广东省18年间平均台风灾害损失较大;上海市以南各区域台风大风和暴雨的频次多、强度大,灾害损失大。     

新建企业现场安全管理建设思路探讨

通过研究和分析现阶段各行业现场安全管理的先进理念,结合本公司安全管理体系建设的经验,总结出一套新建企业标准化现场安全管理建设的思路,为新建企业现场安全管理建设提供有益的参考.     

The explosion overpressure field and flame propagation of methane/air and methane/coal dust/air mixtures

The explosion of the methane/air mixture and the methane/coal dust/air mixture under 40 J center spark ignition condition was experimentally studied in a large-scale system of 10 m³ vessel. Five pressure sensors were arranged in space with different distances from the ignition point. A high-speed camera system was used to record the growth of the flame. The maximum overpressure of the methane/air mixture appeared at 0.75 m away from the ignition point; the thickness of the flame was about 10 mm and the propagation speed of the flame fluctuated around 2.5 m/s with the methane concentration of 9.5%. The maximum overpressure of the methane/coal dust/air mixture appeared at 0.5 m. The flame had a structure of three concentric zones from outside were the red zone, the yellow illuminating zone and the bright white illuminating zone respectively; the thickness and the propagation speed of the flame increased gradually, the thickness of red zone and yellow illuminating zone reached 3.5 cm and 1 cm, the speed reached 9.2 m/s at 28 ms.     

Effects of synthesis methods on the performance of Pt + Rh/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 three-way catalysts

The 0.7 wt% Pt + 0.3 wt% Rh/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 catalysts were fabricated via different methods, including ultrasonic-assisted membrane reduction(UAMR) co-precipitation, UAMR separation precipitation, co-impregnation, and sequential impregnation. The catalysts were physico-chemically characterized by N2 adsorption, XRD, TEM, and H2-TPR techniques, and evaluated for three-way catalytic activities with simulated automobile exhaust. UAMR co-precipitation- and UAMR separation precipitationprepared catalysts exhibited a high surface area and metal dispersion, wide λ window and excellent conversion for NOx reduction under lean conditions. Both fresh and aged catalysts from UAMRprecipitation showed the high surface areas of ca. 60–67 m2/g and 18–22 m2/g, respectively, high metal dispersion of 41%–55%, and small active particle diameters of 2.1–2.7 nm. When these catalysts were aged, the catalysts prepared by the UAMR method exhibited a wider working window(Δλ = 0.284–0.287) than impregnated ones(Δλ = 0.065–0.115) as well as excellent three-way catalytic performance, and showed lower T50(169.C) and T90(195.C) for NO reduction than the aged catalysts from impregnation processes, which were at 265 and 309.C, respectively. This implied that the UAMR-separation precipitation has important potential for industrial applications to improve catalytic performance and thermal stability. The fresh and aged 0.7 wt% Pt + 0.3 wt% Rh/Ce0:6Zr0:4O2 catalysts prepared by the UAMR-separation precipitation method exhibited better catalytic performance than the corresponding catalysts prepared by conventional impregnation routes.