锌铬复合污染对水稻根系可溶性糖代谢的影响

植物具有逐步适应逆境的能力,在不同生育期对逆境的适应程度不同。可溶性糖是植物碳代谢的主要物质之一,与植物的抗性有密切关系。通过盆栽试验,研究了锌铬复合污染下,在水稻(Oryza sativa L.)不同生育期,水稻根系可溶性糖的代谢。结果表明,随着土壤中锌、铬质量分数的增加,在水稻不同生育期,其根干质量及地上部分干质量均呈降低的趋势,而根冠比呈现一定的升高趋势;水稻根系可溶性糖含量呈升高的趋势。偏相关分析表明,在水稻不同生育期,土壤中锌、铬质量分数与水稻根系可溶性糖含量均呈显著或极显著的偏相关关系。锌在水稻孕穗期及灌浆结实期对水稻根系可溶性糖含量的作用均大于铬,在分蘖期小于铬。这表明在重金属胁迫下,水稻通过增加其根系中可溶性糖含量来协调源流库的关系,从而提高自身对锌铬复合污染的生态适应能力。     

埋设管网系统地震危险性分析方法

埋设管网系统有如下三个特点,即:埋于地基中、在平面内延伸分布范围广、具有生命线工程的重要性,故其抗震设计与地震危险性分析方法也与一般房屋建筑不同。为此,本文提出了一种同时考虑给定地震下地震动场的空间相关性、局部场地条件及地震发生非确定性影响的地震危险性分析方法。本文建议的方法中给定地震下地震动场的确定包括四方面的工作:①确定地震动场的参数,用场内各点之间的相对运动(如相对变形)而不是单点的运动(如加速度);②在频域内确定场内单个点的地震动,以幅值谱与相位谱表示;③用若干个离散点的地震动来描述地震动场;④考虑局部场地的影响。地震动空间相关性与地震发生非确定性同时考虑之间的矛盾问题在本文方法中也得到了处理,采用这一方法的优点是在地震动场中同时考虑了震级、距离及场地的影响,本文提出的方法也可以用于在平面上分布范围较广的其它生命线网络工程。     

管道系统综合概率震害预测方法

本文根据管道系统功能和震害特点,给出了对管道有影响的地震、液化、断层位移的概率预测模型和管段的功能失效概率模型;应用系统论的方法和可靠性原理建立了系统的失效概率预测模型。同时,给出算例说明本方法的应用。     

一种新型沉降离心分离装置自控排液阀的设计

设计了一种新型的自控排液阀,来实现沉降离心分离装置中液体和悬浮物的连续分离和自动排出.从理论上论述了自控阀的工作原理,并对自控阀的可靠性进行了分析.讨论了有关参数对该阀动作的影响.设计的自控排液阀可使悬浮物的分离装置结构简单紧凑,实现高效、可靠的连续作业.     

铝件表面处理废水治理所得化学污泥的再生利用研究

对混凝法处理铝件表面处理废水治理所得化学污泥再生利用进行了研究，得到了适宜的操作条件。结果表明，用浓硫酸溶解污泥的最佳用量为0．14～0．16mL／g湿污泥，湿污泥的溶解率可达90％，铝的溶出率也可达95％以上。把污泥的溶解液作混凝剂回用于印染废水的混凝处理也取得了良好的效果，其COD去除率≥80％，脱色率≥90％。实现了资源的二次利用，改善了作业环境，获得了较好的经济效益和社会效益。     

The preparation of Zn2+-doped TiO(2) nanoparticles by sol-gel and solid phase reaction methods respectively and their photocatalytic activities

The photocatalytic oxidation of the organic pollutants with TiO(2) as photocatalyst has been widely studied in the world, and many achievements have been made. The degradation of pollutants is highly related to the photocatalytic activity of TiO(2). It is demonstrated that doping ions to TiO(2) is one way to enhance the photocatalytic activity of TiO(2). In this paper, Zn(2+)-doped TiO(2) nanoparticles were prepared through sol-gel and solid phase reaction methods, characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The photocatalytic activity of the elaborated powders was studied following the degradation of Rhodamine B. The results showed that the photocatalytic activity of Zn(2+)-doped TiO(2) prepared by sol-gel method is close to that of pure TiO(2) particles, however, the photocatalytic activity of Zn(2+)-doped TiO(2) prepared by solid phase reaction method is much higher than that of pure TiO(2) particles. The most efficient degradation of Rhodamine B was found with TiO(2) particles doped with 0.5% Zn(2+) in mole and calcined at 500 degrees C. Also the reason for the enhancement of the photocatalytic activity of TiO(2) by Zn(2+) doping through solid phase reaction method was discussed.     

壳聚糖季铵盐处理玉米酒精清糟液的研究

介绍了新型高效无毒天然高分子混凝剂壳聚糖季铵盐（GTCC）的制备，将GTCC和壳聚糖对玉米酒精发酵清糟液分别进行絮凝处理，结果表明，GTCC的絮凝效果明显优于壳聚糖，以黑龙江肇东华润金玉酒精厂清糟作为研究对明，当GTCC投加量为3mg/L（用量仅为壳聚糖的二十分之一左右）时，CODCr的去除率率达到25％，浊度去除率达78％，初步分析表明，壳聚糖季胺盐强的电中和能力是具有好的絮凝能力的主要原因。     

复合生物滤池处理H2S和NH3的挂膜与工艺条件

采用复合生物滤池(生物滴滤池 生物过滤池)处理H2S和NH3组成的混合恶臭气体,填料分别为经表面改性的天然斜发沸石和木屑.实验研究了该工艺的驯化挂膜情况和主要工艺条件,结果表明,天然斜发沸石和木屑改性后,驯化挂膜周期为10～14 d,比文献中颗粒活性炭挂膜缩短14～18 d.复合生物滤池的最佳工艺条件为:高度120 cm,循环液流量4.56 L/h.同时,生物滴滤池处理水溶性好的NH3气体效果较生物过滤池好,而生物过滤池处理水溶性差的H2S气体较生物滴滤池好.因此,复合生物滤池可用于处理不同水溶性的混合恶臭气体.     

Occurrence and risk assessment of currently used organophosphate pesticides in overlying water and surface sediments in Guangzhou urban waterways,China

Organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) are one type of the most massively used pesticides and ubiquitously detected in aquatic environments, which may pose potential risks to the aquatic organisms and human health. In the present study, the spatiotemporal distribution and potential risks of OPPs were investigated in overlying water and surficial sediments from urban waterways of Guangzhou. For all studied sites, in general, four target OPPs (i.e., malathion, chlorpyrifos, terbufos, and diazinon) were present in the overlying water, with malathion and chlorpyrifos as major components. Higher concentrations of the four OPPs were found for the water and sediments collected in the dry season compared to the wet season, possibly because of the dilution effect of heavy rains. The results of Pearson’s analyses and principal coordinate analyses (PCoA) suggested similar sources for target OPPs in the water and sediments across the Guangzhou urban waterways. Potential ecological risks of the OPPs to three representative taxons (algae, aquatic invertebrates, and fish) were evaluated via toxic units (TUs) and risk quotients (RQs), while risk assessment on human health was performed using hazard index (HI). Although TU results showed no acute risks to the aquatic organisms in the overlying water and surface sediments, RQ results of the mixture showed high risks to the aquatic invertebrate and fish in all water samples. Individual HI values and cumulative HI values were on the order of 10^?6–10^?3 for children and adults, suggesting no potential risks to either children or adults through drinking and bathing.

Graphical abstract

     

法律健全性对环境保护推行的影响研究分析

过去不健全的环境法律制度对环境保护的推进作用不明显,对环境污染企业的惩罚力度较低,健全的法律制度对环境保护可以起到一定的引导作用,对环境产业的组织管理机构起到全面组织和引导环境保护推行的作用;在提高经济发展的同时还能够带动国民其它行业和部门的发展。健全的法律制度可以很好的规范环保产业市场发展,创新环境的公共管理。通过《环保法》对环境治理做出了一系列要求,加强环境保护推进的力量,促使环保产业和经济快速发展。