复合垂直流与潜流人工湿地沿程脱氮除磷对比研究

针对复合垂直流和潜流人工湿地对COD、TP、NH_4~+-N、NO~3~--N和TN的沿程去除规律进行了对比研究.结果表明,夏季复合垂直流人工湿地的去除效果均好于潜流人工湿地.对于复合垂直流人工湿地,污染物的去除主要集中在下行流池,且在进水端0～20 cm对COD、TP、NH_4~+-N和TN都有快速降解的过程.对于潜流人工湿地,进水端0～40 cm主要是COD和TP的快速降解沉淀,之后硝化作用逐渐加强,潜流人工湿地沿程均会发生反硝化作用,TN浓度基本呈均匀下降趋势.     

耐寒人工湿地植物石龙芮和酸模联用研究

为了提高人工湿地在寒冷季节的运行效率,对2种非夏季植物作为湿地植物处理生活污水的可行性进行了研究。结果表明,在本实验条件下2种植物对N、P元素都具有很好的去除效果,对COD的去除也达到45%～50%。通过单一植物系统和复合植物系统的处理效果比较,发现石龙芮酸模复合植物系统对污水中的P元素和COD的去除率更高。研究表明,石龙芮和酸模作为人工湿地植物具有可行性,与常规植物互补使用能在一定程度上延长人工湿地的运行时间。     

关于生态文明建设的三个难点问题简述

学界对生态文明与其他文明的关系、生态文明是否是独立的文明形态,看法不大统一。生态文明在理论上处于确立时期,在实践上处于起步阶段,关于生态文明的概念定义远未达成一致而体现出多样性。生态文明建设应以落实科学发展观为前提,着重从人们思想观念、生产发展方式、政府的政策、法律制度等方面着手,重点抓好“三个体系”建设。     

掺杂La3+纳米ZnO的制备及其光催化性能

采用共沉淀法制备了不同La3＋含量的La3＋-ZnO催化剂,采用x射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜等对催化剂的结构、相组成、形貌和粒径进行了表征,比较了不同La3＋含量的La3＋-ZnO催化剂对罗丹明B降解率的影响。实验结果表明,掺杂La3＋导致ZnO粒径减小,比表面积增大,延长了光生电子-空穴对的寿命,提高了ZnO的光量子产率,La3＋-ZnO催化剂的光催化活性比ZnO显著增强。La3＋质量分数为0．8％时,罗丹明B降解率最高,为92．5％。经La3＋质量分数0．8％的La3＋-ZnO催化剂降解后罗丹明B已被完全降解为无机小分子。     

大倾角"三软"易燃厚煤层自燃火灾治理及启封技术

通过对宝鸡秦源煤业有限公司大倾角“三软”易燃厚煤层N101综放工作面自燃封闭火区的治理,探索研究了其自燃发火特点及发展规律,归纳出了大倾角“三软”易燃厚煤层封闭火区治理技术及经验,为煤炭企业治理自燃发火危害和快速撤架提供了一定的借鉴经验。     

谈油田HSE体系管理

近年来,安塞油田不断加大健康安全与环境管理工作力度,规范HSE基层基础工作,加大隐患治理资金的投入,开展安全环保隐患专项整治,强化员工培训,生产秩序和安全生产基础不断改善。虽然几年来恶性事故已经避免,但基层单位一些小事故也还有发生,给员工安全和企业财产、形象造成了一定的影响。     

CH4 and N2O emissions from Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis in experimental mesocosms

Spartina alterniflora, a perennial grass with C(4)-photosynthesis, shows great invading potential in the coastal ecosystems in the east of China. We compared trace gas emissions from S. alterniflora with those from a native C(3) plant, Phragmites australis, by establishing brackish marsh mesocosms to experimentally assess the effects of plant species (S. alterniflora vs. P. australis), flooding status (submerged vs. non-submerged), and clipping (plants clipped or not) on trace gas emissions. The results show that trace gas emission rates were higher in S. alterniflora than P. australis mesocosms due to the higher biomass and density of the former, which could fix more available substrates to the soil and potentially emit more trace gases. Meanwhile, trace gas emission rates were higher in non-submerged than submerged soils, suggesting that water might act as a diffusion barrier in the brackish marsh mesocosms. Interestingly, methane (CH(4)) emission rates were lower in clipped non-submerged mesocosms than in non-clipped submerged mesocosms, but nitrous oxide (N(2)O) emissions were enhanced. CH(4) emissions were significantly correlated with the plant biomass and stem density (R(2)>0.48, P<0.05) for both species, suggesting that both the two species might play important roles in CH(4) production and transport and also act as suppliers of easily available substrates for the methanogenic bacteria in wetland ecosystems. N(2)O emissions, however, were not significantly correlated with plant biomass and density (P>0.05).     

The changes of densities and patterns of roads and rural buildings: a case study on Dongzhi Yuan of the Loess Plateau, China

Roads and buildings are considered as primary causes of rural landscape changes. In this study, linear regression models were used to analyze the dynamic influences of environmental factors and variables on roads and rural buildings from 1979 to 2005 in Dongzhi Yuan (tableland) of the Loess Plateau, China. The relationship between roads and rural buildings and their effects on Dongzhi Yuan are discussed also. The results showed that three environmental factors (topography, land cover, and development level) explained roads better than rural buildings referring densities and patterns. The environmental variables significantly related to roads have decreased, whereas those related to rural buildings have increased over time. Among these significant variables, percent of farmland mostly determined the densities and patterns of both roads and rural buildings. There was significant correlation between roads and rural buildings in terms of density and pattern. In addition, roads and rural buildings have increased greatly in gully areas of this region. Therefore, more attention should be paid to planning of roads and rural buildings in Dongzhi Yuan.     

森林凋落物研究现状及我国西南喀斯特地区研究展望

近几十年来,我国西南喀斯特地区生态环境退化严重,石漠化面积迅速扩大,林地覆盖率急剧下降,成为制约我国西部大开发生态建设中不可回避的重要科学问题,严重影响了西南地区社会、经济的可持续发展。喀斯特地区土层薄且侵蚀严重,土壤中的有机碳和营养盐主要来自地表枯枝落叶层的分解及累积。在气候变暖、陆地生态系统土壤温度升高、土壤有机碳急速流失和土壤质量退化的背景下,分析不同林下凋落物量和降解动态以及土壤有机碳库积累差异,揭示西南喀斯特地区不同林地凋落物归还量及其对土壤碳库积累的贡献具有极其重要的意义,将为喀斯特地区林地恢复重建和石漠化遏制工作提供科研依据。     

胺化改性米糠对水中Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附

以环氧氯丙烷活化米糠,与乙二胺反应引入氨基制备了胺化米糠吸附剂。系统研究胺化米糠对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附特性。结果表明,胺化米糠对Cr(Ⅵ)有很强的吸附作用,3.5 h能达到吸附平衡,吸附动力学符合准一级吸附方程。吸附容量随Cr(Ⅵ)浓度增加而增大,胺化米糠与Cr(Ⅵ)离子发生单层吸附,对Cr(Ⅵ)最大吸附容量为36.1 mg/g。溶液的pH和吸附温度对吸附特性有较大影响,最佳吸附pH为3,同时,升温有利于吸附的进行。热力学参数ΔH为正值和ΔG为负值表明胺化米糠吸附Cr(Ⅵ)是吸热的自发吸附。