木质素基聚合物的制备及亚甲基蓝的吸附

以木质素磺酸钠为原料单体、环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,采用反相乳液聚合法制备了木质素磺酸钠交联聚合物(SLCP),并将其用于水中有机染料的吸附。表征结果显示:SLCP基本保留了木质素磺酸钠的骨架和官能团,具有良好的热稳定性。实验结果表明:SLCP对亚甲基蓝(MB)有较好的吸附选择性,在加入量为0.5 g/L时就有较高的吸附效率;在溶液p H2~6范围内吸附量随溶液p H增大而迅速提高,溶液p H6后吸附量趋于稳定;最佳吸附温度为35℃;在SLCP加入量0.5 g/L、溶液p H 6.5、吸附温度25℃、初始MB质量浓度100.5 mg/L的条件下,吸附150 min基本可达平衡,吸附平衡时的吸附量和MB去除率分别为191.2 mg/g和95.1%;SLCP对MB的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,吸附动力学符合Lagergren拟二级动力学方程。     

Fast dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of pesticides in water based on a thermo-switchable deep eutectic solvent

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Accurate measurements of pesticide levels in the environment are necessary to set policies, yet actual analytical methods are limited by the use of toxic solvents...     

基于COPERT Ⅳ模型的机动车PM_(2.5)排放来源特征分析

以广东省佛山市为研究范围,主要采用COPERTⅣ模型研究了重点车型排气管与非排气管排放的PM2.5特征及其影响因素,并分析了佛山2012年机动车排放PM2.5的排放来源。分析表明:非排气管排放PM2.5随车重增加而增加,随车速提升而降低;排气管排放PM2.5随车速和排放标准的提升而降低;随着排放标准的提升,排气管和非排气管排放差异越来越小;2012年佛山市机动车非排气管排放的PM2.5占机动车PM2.5总排放的28.9%,且随着未来黄标车淘汰等机动车污染控制措施的执行,非排气管PM2.5排放将成为大气环境控制污染治理的内容之一。     

煤矿区不同复垦年限的土壤有机碳矿化和酶活性特征

为了解煤矿区长期复垦的生态效应,在晋西北安太堡矿区不同复垦年限的样地采集土壤样品,研究土壤中w（SOC）、w（易降解碳1）、w（易降解碳2）和w（TN）以及有机碳矿化速率和酶活性随复垦年限的变化趋势.结果表明:① 随着复垦年限的延长,土壤容重、pH和w（易降解碳1）显著降低,而w（SOC）、w（TN）、w（易降解碳2）、有机碳矿化潜势和累积量及酶活性均呈增加趋势,复垦年限为23 a的土壤中w（SOC）和w（TN）的最高值分别为22.67和1.21 mg/g;② 相较于土壤中w（SOC）和w（TN）,w（易降解碳2）、有机碳矿化潜势和酶活性随复垦年限延长的变化更为显著,其中过氧化氢酶活性随复垦年限的变幅最大,相较于活性最低样地,25 a样地的酶活性提高了232%,可达156.27 mg/（kg·h）;③ 土壤容重与过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶活性均呈显著负相关,与多酚氧化酶活性呈正相关.pH与w（易降解碳1）、多酚氧化酶活性均呈显著正相关,而与蔗糖酶活性呈负相关;④ 主成分分析表明,土壤综合肥力指标随复垦进程的推进逐年提高,从-1.19提高至0.86,综合肥力指标和复垦年限间的相关系数可达到0.987（P < 0.001）.可见,综合肥力指标可更全面地指示生态修复进程中的土壤演替进程.      

青岛市城郊蔬菜中多环芳烃污染特征和健康风险评估

2016年5月在青岛市城郊的蔬菜基地采集表层土壤和蔬菜的可食部位,采用高效液相色谱紫外/荧光检测器串联方法对美国环保署优先控制的16种多环芳烃(PAHs)进行检测,分析了土壤和蔬菜中PAHs的含量、组成及两者含量间的关系,并评价了蔬菜中PAHs的健康风险.结果表明,土壤中16种PAHs的总含量(∑16PAH)范围为277.0~1548.1μg·kg~(-1),主要呈现PAHs轻、中度污染.蔬菜中∑16PAH的平均含量为222.6μg·kg~(-1),叶菜类、瓜果类和根茎类蔬菜中∑16PAH含量没有显著性差异.3类蔬菜中PAHs的组成均是以3环PAHs为主,比例达到51.4%~56.2%,但根茎类蔬菜中致癌PAHs所占比例高于叶菜类和瓜果类.叶菜类蔬菜中PAHs含量与土壤中PAHs含量具有显著的正相关关系(r=0.434,p0.05).蔬菜中PAHs的毒性主要来自于7种致癌PAHs,成年人通过摄食蔬菜产生的日平均PAHs暴露量高于其他人群,青岛市城郊部分品种蔬菜中的PAHs对人群存在潜在的致癌风险.     

Modeling study on the roles of the deposition and transport of PM2.5 in air quality changes over central-eastern China

The role of PM_2.5 (particles with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 2.5 µm) deposition in air quality changes over China remains unclear. By using the three-year (2013, 2015, and 2017) simulation results of the WRF/CUACE v1.0 model from a previous work (Zhang et al., 2021), a non-linear relationship between the deposition of PM_2.5 and anthropogenic emissions over central-eastern China in cold seasons as well as in different life stages of haze events was unraveled. PM_2.5 deposition is spatially distributed differently from PM_2.5 concentrations and anthropogenic emissions over China. The North China Plain (NCP) is typically characterized by higher anthropogenic emissions compared to southern China, such as the middle-low reaches of Yangtze River (MLYR), which includes parts of the Yangtze River Delta and the Midwest. However, PM_2.5 deposition in the NCP is significantly lower than that in the MLYR region, suggesting that in addition to meteorology and emissions, lower deposition is another important factor in the increase in haze levels. Regional transport of pollution in central-eastern China acts as a moderator of pollution levels in different regions, for example by bringing pollution from the NCP to the MLYR region in cold seasons. It was found that in typical haze events the deposition flux of PM_2.5 during the removal stages is substantially higher than that in accumulation stages, with most of the PM_2.5 being transported southward and deposited to the MLYR and Sichuan Basin region, corresponding to a latitude range of about 24°N-31°N.     

成团泛菌(Pantoea agglomerans)对镉胁迫下蒌蒿耐受性的影响

为探讨功能微生物对镉(Cd)胁迫下蒌蒿耐受性的影响,以成团泛菌(Pantoea agglomerans)J2为对象,通过盆栽试验,研究不同Cd处理水平下J2菌对蒌蒿生长、生理、Cd富集转运与根际微生态的影响。结果表明:J2菌可显著促进蒌蒿株高、地上部干重、地下部干重、总生物量及根冠比的增加。在J2菌的作用下,蒌蒿叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均显著增加,丙二醛(MDA)含量明显减少。J2菌可显著促进蒌蒿对Cd的富集转运,蒌蒿地上部、地下部与总Cd含量均显著增加,地上部生物富集系数(BCF)明显大于地下部,转运系数(TF)相比于对照增加了7.5%~37.4%。J2菌可显著增加蒌蒿根际土壤细菌、放线菌数量及微生物总量,明显减少真菌数量。研究表明成团泛菌J2对蒌蒿生长、生理、Cd富集转运与根际微生态可产生积极影响,在一定程度上可提高蒌蒿植株对Cd的耐受性。     

Size-resolved aerosol ionic composition and secondary formation at Mount Heng in South Central China

To understand the size-resolved aerosol ionic composition and the factors influencing secondary aerosol formation in the upper boundary layer in South Central China, size-segregated aerosol samples were collected using a micro-orifice uniform deposit irnpactor （MOUDI） in spring 2009 at the summit of Mount Heng （1269 m asl）, followed by subsequent laboratory analyses of 13 inorganic and organic water-soluble ions. During non- dust-storm periods, the average PM1.8 concentration was 41.8 μg·m^-3, contributing to 55% of the PM10. Sulfates, nitrates, and ammonium, the dominant ions in the fine particles, amounted to 46.8% of the PM1.8. Compared with Mount Tai in the North China Plain, the concentrations of both fine and coarse particles and the ions contained therein were substantially lower. When the air masses from Southeast Asia prevailed, intensive biomass burning there led to elevated concentrations of sulfates, nitrates, ammonium, potassium, and chloride in the fine particles at Mount Heng. The air masses originating from the north Gobi brought heavy dust storms that resulted in the remarkable production of sulfates, ammonium, methane sulfonic acid, and oxalates in the coarse particles. Generally, the sulfates were primarily produced in the form of （NH4）2SO4 in the droplet mode via heterogeneous aqueous reactions. Only approximately one-third of the nitrates were distributed in the fine mode, and high humidity facilitated the secondary formation of fine nitrates. The heterogeneous formation of coarse nitrates and ammonium on dry alkaline dust surfaces was found to be less efficient than that on the coarse particles during non-dust-storm periods.