Global Research Trends Related to CO2 Emissions and Their Enlightenment to China

Given the growing awareness of the likely catastrophic impacts of climate change and close association of climate change with global emissions of greenhouse gases (of which carbon dioxide is more prominent) , considerable research efforts have been devoted to the analysis of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and its relationship to sustainable development. Now GHG reduction programs have been coming into effect in many developed countries that have more responsibility for historical CO2 emissions, and the studies have become mature. First, the GHG emissions accounting system is more all-inclusive and the methods are more rational with the effort of IPCC from 1995 and all other researchers related. Second, the responsibility allocation is more rational and fair. Along with the clarity of "carbon transfer" and "carbon leakage", the perspective and methodology for allocating regional CO2 emissions responsibility is turning from production base to consumption base. Third, the decomposition method has become more mature and more complex. For example, the decomposition formulas are including KAYA expression and input-output expression and the decomposition techniques are developed from index analysis to simple average divisia and then adaptive-weighting divisia. Fourth, projection models have become more integrated and long-term. The top-down model and bottom-up model are both inter-embedded and synergetic. Trends above give some advice for the research on CO2 in China, such as emissions factors database construction, deeper-going research on emissions responsibility and structure analysis, promotion of modeling technology and technology-environment database.     

中国有机氯农药的监测现状

归纳了有机氯农药在我国的生产和使用概况,总结了我国大气、水体和沉积物、土壤以及生物体等环境介质中的有机氯农药监测现状。在此基础上,对我国有机氯农药的深入研究提出了建议。     

Fluoride removal performance of a novel Fe-Al-Ce trimetal oxide adsorbent

A trimetal oxide was developed as a fluoride adsorbent by coprecipitation of Fe(II), Al(III) and Ce(IV) salt solutions with a molar ratio of 1:4:1 under alkaline condition. The material retained amorphous structure and maintained relatively stable fluoride adsorption performance at calcination temperatures lower than 600 degrees C. The optimum pH range for fluoride adsorption was 6.0-6.5 and the adsorbent also showed high defluoridation ability around pH 5.5-7.0, which is preferable for actual application. A high fluoride adsorption capacity of 178 mg g(-1) was acquired under an equilibrium fluoride concentration of 84.5 mg l(-1), adsorbent dose of 150 mg l(-1) and pH 7.0. The adsorption isotherm could be better described by the two-site Langmuir model than the one-site model, suggesting the existence of two types of active sites on the adsorbent surface. Coexistence of high concentrations of phosphate or arsenate only led to partial inhibition of fluoride adsorption, which further suggests the existence of heterogeneous adsorption sites. Sulfate and chloride did not affect fluoride adsorption, and nitrate influenced it only when the concentration of NO(3)(-)-N exceeded 50 mg l(-1). A high desorption efficiency of 97% was achieved by treating fluoride loaded Fe-Al-Ce oxide with NaOH solution at pH 12.2. A column experiment using the adsorbent fabricated into 1mm pellets was performed at an initial fluoride concentration of 5.5 mg l(-1), space velocity of 5h(-1) and pH of 5.8, and 2240 bed volumes were treated with the effluent fluoride under 1.0 mg l(-1).     

昆明市城市污水污泥的肥效及其资源化利用

目前昆明市处理城市污水３６．５万ｍ＾３／ｄ，同时产生污泥１３０ｔ／ｄ，至２０００年，污泥的数量还会增加至２２０ｔ／ｄ左右，如处置不当，极易造成二次污染。通过污泥成分分析，发现污泥中含有植物生长所需的大量营养元素，可用于花卉园林栽培，既满足了日益发展的园林产业的需要，又为污泥的消纳和利用找到一条合理的途径。     

Appljcation of the thermal lens effectfor determination of iodide

ＡｐｐｌｊｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｔｈｅｒｍａｌｌｅｎｓｅｆｆｅｃｔｆｏｒｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆｉｏｄｉｄｅＧｕＸｉａｏｍｅｉ：ＷａｎｇＳｈｕｎｒｏｎｇ；ＱｉｎＫｅｘｕａｎ；Ｌｉｊｉｅｃｈｕｎ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏ－Ｅｎｖｉ...     

基于生命周期的产品环境成本分析模型研究

为了解产品环境成本对总成本的贡献程度，以明确产品的环境责任，达到节约资源，保护环境、降低产品生命周期成本的目的，把生命周期理论引入到产品环境成本研究中。定义了产品生产各阶段的环境成本，在对产品环境成本进行分解的基础上，构建了基于生命周期的产品环境成本分析模型，分析了各项环境成本对总成本的影响程度，并对影响总成本较大的几个环境成本进行分析，提出了改进措施，以实现企业经济效益和生态效益的平衡。     

油气集输系统实现清洁生产所面临的问题及实施建议

着重分析了现有油气集输系统工艺、技术、生产现状在实现清洁生产过程中所面临的主要问题 ,对油气集输系统实施清洁生产提出了切实可行的建议。     

涕灭威在土壤中的降解特性

用实验室模拟培养方法研究了土壤中涕灭威及其代谢物在不同条件下的降解规律，探讨了影响降解的主要因素。结果表明，温度和土壤微生物活性是影响降解的重要因素，温度升高、有机质含量增加均大大加快涕灭威残留物降解。２５℃时，涕灭威在不同类型表层土壤中Ｔ＿（０．５）为３～８ｄ，其残留物总量的Ｔ＿（０．５）为３０～６５ｄ．在温度低、徽生物活性小的深层土壤中涕灭威Ｔ＿（０．５）为３４～１２０ｄ，残留物总量的Ｔ＿（０．５）为１５９～６８６ｄ，其中亚矾较难降解。     

邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物土壤吸附系数的测定及相关性研究

研究测定了邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（ＤＭＰ）、二乙酯（ＤＥＰ）、二丙酯（ＤＰＰ）、二丁酯（ＤＢＰ）、丁基苄基酯（ＢＢＰ）和二异辛酯（ＤＥＨＰ）等６种化合物土壤吸附系数Ｋｏｃ，并研究了Ｋｏｃ与正辛醇一水分配系数Ｋｏｗ、水溶解度Ｓ之间的相关性，建立了相关方程式。     

高温原油降解菌处理油田采油废水的研究

研究了筛选的嗜热降解功能菌对高温、高盐环境的耐受性，同时采用接触氧化工艺，探索高温条件下嗜热生物系统对油田外排水的处理效果．结果表明，嗜热降解功能菌能够耐受高温（40～59℃）、高盐（30g/kg）和高pH（9.0）环境，实验室小试运行温度55～60℃，进水CODcr为270～510mg／L，出水CODcr为61．7～101．0mg／L．胜利油田王家岗污水站高温外排水生物处理中试，进水CODcr200～300mg/L，温度60～67℃，生化出水CODcr79．2～140．1mg/L．图4表3参10