轻污油罐运行风险分析与对策

结合轻污油罐发生的典型事故案例,分析了轻污油罐运行过程中存在的浮盘冲顶、油罐撕裂、管线断裂、火灾、爆炸、中毒窒息等风险,剖析了事故的原因,提出了增加轻污油闪蒸系统等对策.     

化工园区压力管道泄漏封堵能力建设研究

化工装置泄漏是造成重大火灾、爆炸事故发生的主要原因之一,而80%以上的化工装置泄漏都发生在化学品输送管道,尤其是压力管道上。目前化工园区内多数中小化工企业尚未掌握压力管道泄漏的封堵技术,也未配备相应的设备和材料,针对这一现状,提出了将压力管道泄漏封堵工作纳入化工园区应急管理范畴的方案。首先由园区应急管理机构通过现有封堵资源调研、企业封堵资源需求分析,掌握园区压力管道泄漏封堵能力现状及缺口;其次园区应急管理机构通过加强封堵技术人员队伍建设、建立压力管道泄漏模型、配置封堵工器具、编制应急处置方案等手段整合并完善园区压力管道泄漏封堵能力;最后园区应急管理机构通过搭建泄漏封堵操作平台,以满足高效、机动的封堵要求,从而提高化工园区安全保障水平。     

苏州市连续重污染过程中可溶性离子组分分析研究

文章利用苏州南门空气质量监测站点的可溶性离子组分的数据,结合2013年连续重污染过程细颗粒物中可溶性离子组分.结果表明,重污染过程是在不利气象条件下一次污染过程,从后向轨迹分析,空气团裹挟大量污染物到达苏州,使本地污染和区域污染相互叠加;可溶性离子组分占到细颗粒物组分的一半,可溶性离子又以硫酸盐、硝酸盐和铵盐为主要成分,其中硫酸盐主要来自于二氧化硫的转换.     

Review of the application of quantum dots in the heavy-metal detection

Heavy-metal contamination is a major concern, as excessive heavy metals produce environmental pollution, and the cumulative effects of heavy metals in vivo pose a major threat to human health. There is an urgent need for a rapid, sensitive, and efficient method for detecting heavy metals. Quantum dots (QDs) are in the category of semiconductor nanocrystals whose radii are less than or close to the exciton Bohr radius. QDs possess a potential in the biological and medical fields to function as a new type of fluorescent marker, because of their unique and tunable photophysical properties, which include broad excitation spectrum, narrow emission spectrum, tunable emission wavelengths, and negligible photobleaching. In recent years, QDs made significant progress in quantitative analysis by providing a new approach for determination of chemical content analysis. The aim of this study was to review the research progress of QD detection of heavy metals in water and consider the challenges and future outlook for QD-based sensors for heavy-metal ions.     

g-C3N4/TiO2纳米管阵列光阳极的制备及其光电催化降解邻氯硝基苯

采用阳极氧化-涂覆煅烧法成功制备了g-C₃N₄/TiO₂纳米管阵列（g-C₃N₄/TNAs）光阳极,并通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、X射线光电子能谱仪、紫外可见漫反射光谱仪、光致发光光谱仪和电化学工作站等表征分析了g-C₃N₄/TNAs光阳极的形貌、晶形结构、光学特性和光电化学性能.表征结果证实,g-C₃N₄的引入通过缩小禁带宽度扩宽了TNAs的可见光响应范围,提高了光电流密度和光生电子寿命,促进了光生电子和空穴的分离.g-C₃N₄/TNAs光阳极在光电催化体系内对邻氯硝基苯（o-CNB）的降解效率高于其在光催化和电催化体系中对o-CNB的降解效率,且具有良好的稳定性和可重复性.活性物质捕获实验、电子自旋共振测试和能带结构分析表明,g-C₃N₄/TNAs光阳极中TNAs和g-C₃N₄之间存在Z型异质结相互作用机制.在光电催化体系内降解o-CNB的主要活性物质是^?O₂^-、^?OH和光生空穴,而光生电子是次要的活性物质.     

Chemical characterization and source identification of PM2.5 in Luoyang after the clean air actions

Luoyang is a typical heavy industrial city in China, with a coal-dominated energy structure and serious air pollution. Following the implementation of the clean air actions, the physicochemical characteristics and sources of PM_2.5 have changed. A comprehensive study of PM_2.5 was conducted from October 16, 2019 to January 23, 2020 to evaluate the effectiveness of previous control measures and further to provide theory basis for more effective policies in the future. Results showed that the aerosol pollution in Luoyang in autumn and winter is still serious with the average concentration of 91.1 μg/m³, although a large reduction (46.9%) since 2014. With the contribution of nitrate increased from 12.5% to 25.1% and sulfate decreased from 16.7% to 11.2%, aerosol pollution has changed from sulfate-dominate to nitrate-dominate. High NO₃⁻/SO₄²⁻ ratio and the increasing of NO₃⁻/SO₄²⁻ ratio with the aggravation of pollution indicating vehicle exhaust playing an increasingly important role in PM_2.5 pollution in Luoyang, especially in the haze processes. Secondary inorganic ions contributed significantly to the enhancement of PM_2.5 during the pollution period. The high value of Cl⁻/Na⁺ and EC concentration indicate coal combustion in Luoyang is still serious. The top three contributor sources were secondary inorganic aerosols (33.3%), coal combustion (13.6%), and industrial emissions (13.4%). Close-range transport from the western and northeastern directions were more important factors in air pollution in Luoyang during the sampling period. It is necessary to strengthen the control of coal combustion and reduce vehicle emissions in future policies.     

中德环保合作的高层往来

写在前面的话．本文完成于今年早些时候，但由于刊物在5月时更换出版单位，因而文章在实效性上略有欠缺，但访谈的内容是永久而实际的问题，在当今和未来都是可资借鉴的。     

用代处置手段加强危险废物的管理

代处置是危险废物管理的强制手段，是行政代执行的具体表现形式之一。行政代执行作为一项间接强制措施，在国外立法中已被广泛采用。本文从危险废物代处置的概念、条件、要求、程序等方面进行了分析，为环保部门运用代处置措施进行危险废物管理提供参考。