Reducing volatilization of heavy metals in phosphate-pretreated municipal solid waste incineration fly ash by forming pyromorphite-like minerals

This research investigated the feasibility of reducing volatilization of heavy metals (lead, zinc and cadmium) in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash by forming pyromorphite-like minerals via phosphate pre-treatment. To evaluate the evaporation characteristics of three heavy metals from phosphate-pretreated MSWI fly ash, volatilization tests have been performed by means of a dedicated apparatus in the 100-1000 °C range. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test and BCR sequential extraction procedure were applied to assess phosphate stabilization process. The results showed that the volatilization behavior in phosphate-pretreated MSWI fly ash could be reduced effectively. Pyromorphite-like minerals formed in phosphate-pretreated MSWI fly ash were mainly responsible for the volatilization reduction of heavy metals in MSWI fly ash at higher temperature, due to their chemical fixation and thermal stabilization for heavy metals. The stabilization effects were encouraging for the potential reuse of MSWI fly ash.     

阴离子对地下水中氯苯微电解的影响

在模拟氯苯污染的地下水中分别添加Cl-,SO4 -,NO3-,CO32-,HCO3-等阴离子,考察了各种阴离子对氯苯去除率的影响.实验结果表明:SO4 -质量浓度对氯苯去除率影响不明显;HCO3-质量浓度为200～ 400 mg/L、反应5h时,氯苯去除率与未加HCO3-的空白试样的氯苯去除率接近;随Cl-质量浓度增加...     

硝酸盐对降解对苯二甲酸厌氧污泥驯化的影响

硝酸盐在通过反硝化作用加速菌体生长的同时,对污泥中降解ＴＡ菌群的形成有进一步的诱导作用。经过６周的驯化其对ＴＡ的比降能力达到１８．７５ｍｇ／（ｄＶＳＳ．ｄ）,而对照组为１０．２８ｍｇ／（ｇＶＳＳ．ｄ）研究结果还显示,经过２－３周可以完成从反硝化作用到产甲烷作用的转化。     

植物对二氧化硫的净化能力的研究

本文研究试用一种新方法测算植物对SO2的净化能力 植物在伤害阈值的情况下,对SO2的最大吸收强度定为净化SO2的能力。利用开顶式熏气罩对植物进行SO2慢性（低浓度、长时间）处理。达到SO2伤害阈值（5％叶面积上出现可见伤害症状）时,停止处理 根据此时叶内硫含量的增加,计算硫积累速率。从停止熏气后叶内硫含量下降（直至对照水平）的速率计算硫的转运速率。从硫的积累速率和转运速率计算叶片吸收SO2的强度 再引进生物量和生长期两个参数,就可估算地区植被年净化SO2的潜力 本研究对阔叶树（杨、柳、刺槐）、针叶树（油松、桧柏）和农作物（小麦、水稻、玉米、高粱、谷子）进行了净化SO2能力的测算 初步结果表明,此法基本可行。      

我国新时代美丽城市建设分异性策略研究

城市是现代化的重要载体,建设美丽城市是推进人与自然和谐共生的中国式现代化的重要举措,是全面推进美丽中国建设的重要部分。国内外城市生态文明建设发展历程表明,人类对于城市生态环境的认识和探索伴随着城镇化、工业化发展而成长。本研究通过梳理国内外城市生态文明建设的发展历程,结合各类城市所处的发展阶段,分析美丽城市建设面临的问题和挑战,提出美丽城市建设要顺应城市发展规律,分类施策,超大、特大城市加强可持续发展,中部省会(自治区首府)城市注重精细化高质量发展,中、西部非省会(自治区首府)城市防止污染转移,中小城市突出建设和美家园,以期为新时代美丽城市建设分异性策略提供参考。     

纳米二氧化铈的可控形貌合成及其催化性能

二氧化铈（CeO₂）纳米颗粒的形貌会影响其表面氧空位浓度和化学吸附氧的能力,研究其形貌对催化臭氧氧化活性的影响有着重要意义。采用尿素和活性炭介导的水热合成方法制备了CeO₂纳米颗粒,结果表明,改变尿素和活性炭的添加量会改变最终获得的CeO₂颗粒的形貌,从而分别制得棒状、花状、立方状和球状的CeO₂颗粒。将不同形貌的CeO₂应用于水中草酸的催化臭氧氧化反应,结果表明,CeO₂纳米花（有序棒状结构）具有最好的催化臭氧氧化活性。加入0.5 g/L CeO₂纳米花,反应90 min后的草酸去除率达98%,较单独臭氧氧化提高63个百分点。加入10 mmol/L叔丁醇后,CeO₂纳米花的催化作用被完全抑制,证明其催化臭氧氧化为自由基反应。     

压缩机排气管消声器的声学特性研究

在家用空调室外机中,压缩机作为主要的振动噪声源,通常通过冷媒在配管系统中的传播降低压缩机噪声,并在排气管段设置了消声器。建立了消声器的声学模型,通过边界元方法对消声器的声学性能进行数值模拟,分析了扩张腔直径、插入深度、穿孔数和穿孔直径对消声器传递损失的影响。结果表明:在压缩机噪声主要频段,随着扩张腔直径、插入深度、穿孔数和穿孔直径的增大,消声器的传递损失基本增大;随着扩张腔直径、插入深度的增大会使传递损失的有效长度变短;穿孔数和穿孔直径的增大基本不改变传递损失的有效长度,会增大传递损失;因此在设计时,可增大穿孔直径和穿孔数量。     

抗生素、重金属和杀生剂抗性共选择机制

细菌抗生素抗性已被世界卫生组织认定为对公众健康的重要威胁。细菌抗性除了受到抗生素的直接选择压力,也受到其他物质如重金属和杀生剂的共同影响。研究发现,细菌可以通过外排泵系统、细胞膜通透性改变、作用靶标点的改变、酶修饰或降解作用、应激反应改变生理特性、金属螯合和生物转化等抗性机制对这些选择压力产生抗性,或者通过协同抗性、交叉抗性和共调控抗性的机制产生多重抗性。本文综述了细菌对抗生素、重金属和杀生剂的单一抗性机制、多重抗性机制,以及重金属和杀生剂对细菌抗生素抗性的影响机制,并分析了目前研究的不足之处。     

Review on remediation technologies for arsenic-contaminated soil

• Recent progress of As-contaminated soil remediation technologies is presented. • Phytoextraction and chemical immobilization are the most widely used methods. • Novel remediation technologies for As-contaminated soil are still urgently needed. • Methods for evaluating soil remediation efficiency are lacking. • Future research directions for As-contaminated soil remediation are proposed. Arsenic (As) is a top human carcinogen widely distributed in the environment. As-contaminated soil exists worldwide and poses a threat on human health through water/food consumption, inhalation, or skin contact. More than 200 million people are exposed to excessive As concentration through direct or indirect exposure to contaminated soil. Therefore, affordable and efficient technologies that control risks caused by excess As in soil must be developed. The presently available methods can be classified as chemical, physical, and biological. Combined utilization of multiple technologies is also common to improve remediation efficiency. This review presents the research progress on different remediation technologies for As-contaminated soil. For chemical methods, common soil washing or immobilization agents were summarized. Physical technologies were mainly discussed from the field scale. Phytoextraction, the most widely used technology for As-contaminated soil in China, was the main focus for bioremediation. Method development for evaluating soil remediation efficiency was also summarized. Further research directions were proposed based on literature analysis.     

高职食品工艺学实验室建设和教学方法的探讨

实验教学是高职教育中不可缺少的环节,多媒体课件的制作与演示性实验教学作为重要的教学方法可以应用于高职食品工艺学的辅助教学.本文介绍了食品工艺实验室设计及教学方法的要求和特点,为使食品工艺实验室实现可持续发展,该实验教学必须与其他学科结合,实验项目必须反映加工新技术,培养学生自发动手动脑能力.