过硫酸钾消解-离子色谱法测定地表水中总氮的研究

用国标方法HJ636-2012测定地表水中总氮的过程中,过硫酸钾和氢氧化钠在220 nm对吸光度有干扰.为了消除其影响,建立过硫酸钾消解-离子色谱法测定地表水中总氮的新方法.用碱性过硫酸钾消解,采用离子色谱法测定水中总氮的浓度.总氮校准曲线线性关系良好,线性相关系数r达0.999 0,相对标准偏差(RSD％)为0.67,加标回收率为94.8％～105％,方法检出限为0.01 mg/L.该方法的精密度和准确度都能满足需求,适用于地表水中总氮的测定.     

铅锌矿区蜈蚣草内生放线菌的多样性及群落结构

为了认识重金属累积对植物内生菌的影响,采用变性梯度凝胶电泳(denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis,DGGE)技术及序列分析对四川汉源铅锌矿区蜈蚣草内生放线菌的多样性进行了研究,并分析了内生放线菌多样性与Pb、Zn、Cu和Cd等主要重金属之间的相互关系.结果表明,蜈蚣草不同部分内生放线菌的群落结构和多样性存在一定的差异,多样性指数在2.79~3.29之间,与其他非重金属污染环境植物内生放线菌的多样性指数相似,说明在重金属污染地区仍然存在较为多样的内生放线菌类群.相关分析表明,蜈蚣草内生放线菌多样性指数与Cu、Cd和Pb的含量之间存在显著负相关.DGGE条带序列系统发育显示,链霉菌(Streptomyces)、假诺卡氏菌(Pseudonocardia)、小单孢菌(Micromonospora)、Xianggella为蜈蚣草内生放线菌优势类群,拟诺卡氏菌(Nocardiopsis)、小双孢菌(Microbispora)、马杜拉放线菌(Actinomadura)、弗兰克氏菌(Frankia)以及一些未培养放线菌也在蜈蚣草中存在.研究表明铅锌矿区蜈蚣草内生放线菌存在丰富的多样性,重金属的累积影响了内生放线菌的分布.     

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in Tibetan forest soil: profile distribution and processes

Tibetan forests are located in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, where the climate is dominated by the Indian monsoon. Due to the affinity to pollution sources and high organic carbon stocks, the fate of persistent organic pollutants in the Tibetan forests should be given more attention. In this study, seven soil profiles were investigated to obtain the vertical distribution of the organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the Tibetan forest soil. The results indicate that the DDTs are highly stable in the soil, with limited volatilization and leaching, while the more volatile PCBs were found in the deeper mineral layer, which means that they can translocate through the organic layer and move farther downward into the deep soil. The air-to-ground fluxes (estimated by the age of the organic layer) of the DDTs are one magnitude higher than those reported in a study on the Alps, suggesting the higher accumulation of DDTs by the Tibetan forest.     

Sources and Concentrations of Mercury and Selenium In Compartments within the Las Vegas Wash During A Period of Rapid Change

The Las VegasWash, which drains the Las Vegas valley watershed and provides the second largest inflow to Lake Mead, is being dramatically altered with erosion control structures and wetland restoration efforts. The impact of these changes on the cycling and distribution of Hg and Se is of particular interest because of their tendency to bioaccumulate and because of a lack of information on these contaminants in the Wash. In this study, we determined concentrations of Hg and Se in surface water (monthly), groundwater (once) and sediments (quarterly) from strategic locations within and along theWash during 2002 and 2003. The data was used to characterize Se sources and loading into theWash. Samples containing resurfacing groundwater and urban runoff (LW10.75 and Duck Creek) had significantly higher yearly means (13.7 ± 4.4 and 23.8 ± 4.1μg/L, respectively) compared with mainstream samples containing primarily treated wastewater (2.8 ± 0.8μg/L). Investigation of Se in tributaries, street runoff and rain suggest that the source of the elevated Se is likely groundwater seeps located within a relatively narrow geographic band on the southeast side of the valley. Se content of sediments was similar, except for LW10.75 which was rich in organic matter. Hg concentrations in the water and sediments were low, averaging 4±5 ng/L and 34±20 ng/g, dw, respectively. Overall, this study suggests that water quality remains relatively stable despite changes in theWash and managers of developing wetlands should not use tributary water as source water.     

武钢加强安全文化建设的几点体会

阐述了安全文化建设的内容及结构层次，对安全文化建设在企业安全管理活动中的实践进行了探讨，提出了企业安全文化建设的思路。     

美国的洪水资源化利用

<正>密西西比河密西西比河是世界第四长河,也是北美洲流程最长、流域面积最广、水量最大的河流。它滋润着美国大陆41%的土地,水量比任何其它的美国河流都要多,是千万的美国人饮用水的来源。流域包括美国31个州和加拿大的两个省的全部或一部分。     

城市避难场所的规划建设和管理

城市避难场所是城市抗震防灾体系的重要组成部分,分析我国避难场所实施过程中出现的一些问题,提出科学规划避难场所,规范有序推进避难场所建设,做好避难场所维护管理,提高城市综合防灾能力,最大限度减少地震等突发灾害造成的人员伤亡和财产损失。     

Occurrence,fate, and transport of potentially toxic metals (PTMs) in an alkaline rhizosphere soil-plant (Maize,Zea mays L.) system: the role of Bacillus subtilis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Utilization of microbes is one of the most promising methods to remediate potentially toxic metals (PTMs) from soil. In this study, a systematic...     

不同原料生物炭对NH4+-N、PO43--P吸附性能的差异性及其成因分析

以芦苇、小麦秸秆和竹子为原料,利用回流式炭化工艺制备3种生物炭。比较三者对NH_4~+-N、PO_4~(3-)-P的吸附性能,并对三者吸附性能差异的成因进行分析。实验结果表明:3种生物炭对PO_4~(3-)-P的吸附效果整体上优于NH_4~+-N,因为3种生物炭的阳离子交换容量CEC值和Zeta电位绝对值的水平均较低,不利于阳离子的吸附;竹炭Z-C对NH_4~+-N的吸附效果最佳,6 h去除率为3.59%,低的N含量、pH及Zeta电位绝对值对NH_4~+-N的吸附有利;芦苇炭LW-C中的O更多地与K、Mg等结合,形成能够与PO_4~(3-)反应生成磷酸盐沉淀或者晶体物质的金属氧化物,从而具有最好的PO_4~(3-)-P的吸附效果,6 h时去除率达16.91%。     

乌鲁木齐城市土壤与灰尘粒径空间分布特征

结合野外调研的基础,按照四分法采集乌鲁木齐市城市土壤与城市灰尘样品共计306个,利用激光粒度仪和ArcGIS分析了城市土壤与灰尘样品的全粒径(0.02～2 000μm)组成与空间分布特征。研究结果表明:乌鲁木齐城市土壤与灰尘在小粒径范围内空间分布差异不明显,城市土壤粒径主要集中在10～50μm,城市灰尘集中于100～250μm;城市重工业对城市土壤和灰尘小粒径颗粒分布影响更大,而城市商业、居住等为主的人类其他活动行为对大粒径颗粒影响更为显著。乌鲁木齐城市土壤可能对城市灰尘PM_1、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)粒径分布的贡献比较突出,应从城市土壤、城市灰尘、颗粒物粒径空间分布、气象等因素综合考虑乌鲁木齐市大气污染的防控。