基于激光雷达技术的粉尘污染源监测

针对粉尘污染点源数量多、夜间偷排偷放监测难等问题,环保监测迫切需要发展新一代遥感监测技术,为环境保护提供技术支撑。激光雷达具有远距离、全天时监测的优势,可实现对污染源的客观、全天时监测。为了验证激光雷达主动遥感技术监测粉尘污染源排放的可行性,在河北省组织了一次粉尘污染源的Lidar监测实验,在进行距离校正的基础上,发展了Lidar点源污染监测指数因子方法。结果表明:烟尘排放浓度与Lidar指数因子具有较好的一致性,校正决定系数可达0.94。在稳定排污的情况下研究Lidar指数因子的限值,结果显示,将指数因子的限值设为2.3时,与在线监测的一致性可以达到99%以上。     

Sugarcane bagasse amendment improves the quality of green waste vermicompost and the growth of Eisenia fetida

•Earthworms were able to convert green waste into more plant-available nutrients. •The part of heavy metals content increased in the compost added by earthworm. •The addition of SCB to GW did enhance earthworm biomass and humic acid content. •The resulting vermicomposts were characterized by neutral pH and lower EC value. Vermicomposting is a feasible method for disposing of lignocellulosic waste while generating a useful product. The current study assessed the potential of vermicomposting green waste mixed with sugarcane bagasse in proportions of 25%, 50%, and 75% (v:v, based on dry weight). The suitability was evaluated based on the agrochemical properties, earthworm biomass, and phytotoxicity. The final vermicomposts exhibited near-neutral pH values (7.1–7.6), and lower EC values (0.43–0.72 mS/cm) and C:N ratios (14.1–19.9).The content of available nutrients and CEC for all the vermicomposts exceeded those of the control compost (without earthworms). For vermicomposts, the average values of NO₃^–-N, AP, AK, and CEC were 53, 517, 1362 mg/kg, and 158 cmol/kg, respectively. The total contents of heavy metals increased in all vermicompost treatments compared to control composts with the following average final percentages: Zn (2.0%), Cr (15.5%), Pb (23.4%), and Cu (44.3%), but these amounts were safe for application in agroforestry. The addition of sugarcane bagasse to green waste significantly increased the content of total humic substance, humic acid and urease activity, acid and alkaline phosphatase activity, and Eiseniafetida reproduction. The addition of 25% sugarcane bagasse to green waste decreased the toxicity to germinating seeds. These results revealed that vermicomposting is a feasible way to degrade green waste into a value-added chemical product.     

投加ABS颗粒对MBR膜过滤特性的影响

向膜生物反应器(MBR)中投加ABS颗粒,以干扰膜表面泥饼层的形成和减轻膜污染的发生。结果表明,向MBR中投加粒径为1 mm的ABS颗粒,发现颗粒的最佳投加量为1.5 kg/m3,投加颗粒的膜运行时间是对照实验运行时间的3倍。颗粒对膜表面泥饼沉积层抑制明显,与对照实验泥饼层重量最大相差290 g,颗粒使膜上泥饼层的分布也不同。颗粒的投加也改变了污泥EPS含量,相比对照实验,多糖、蛋白质含量分别提高了17.2%和8%,污泥粘度提高了17.6%。细格栅与颗粒使MBR对TN、TP去除效果分别提高了8.5%和9.7%,对COD的影响不大。     

CuMnOx／γ-Al2O3及稀土助剂对VOCs催化燃烧性能的影响

利用浸渍法制备了Cu—Mn复合氧化物催化剂和加入不同稀土含量的Cu—Mn复合氧化物催化剂,通过实验优选出加入稀土催化剂中稀土含量的最优配比,以气相色谱为检测手段,考察了加入稀土和不加稀土催化剂的催化燃烧性能,结果表明,加入稀土的催化剂T99（催化处理效率达到99％时的温度）比不加稀土的催化剂降低30～40℃,具有更好的低温活性,且对多种VOCs均能降低反应温度。     

CuMnO_x/γ-Al_2O_3及稀土助剂对VOCs催化燃烧性能的影响

利用浸渍法制备了Cu-Mn复合氧化物催化剂和加入不同稀土含量的Cu-Mn复合氧化物催化剂,通过实验优选出加入稀土催化剂中稀土含量的最优配比,以气相色谱为检测手段,考察了加人稀土和不加稀土催化剂的催化燃烧性能,结果表明,加入稀土的催化剂T_(99)(催化处理效率达到99%时的温度)比不加稀土的催化剂降低30～40℃,具有更好的低温活性,且对多种VOCs均能降低反应温度。     

基于宏基因组学的亚硝酸盐氧化菌属的新陈代谢功能分析

为探究亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)的菌群结构及其新陈代谢功能特性,在富集NOB菌属的基础上,基于宏基因组学技术探究了富集活性污泥系统内NOB微生物种群结构、相互作用关系、氮转化相关功能基因及蛋白质功能特性.结果表明,Nitrobacter为富集后活性污泥系统中最优势菌属,相对丰度为37.8％.微生物菌种之间表现出各种错综复...     

Hydrobiogeochemical Controls on Riparian Nutrient and Greenhouse Gas Dynamics: 10 Years Post‐Restoration

Little is known about the impact of agricultural legacy on subsurface biogeochemical processes in the years following restoration of riparian wetlands (WLs). More knowledge is also needed on the relative importance of seasons, precipitation events, and inputs of water and nutrients driving nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), and greenhouse gas (GHG) (N₂O, CO₂, CH₄) dynamics in these systems. This investigation of a riparian zone comprising a restored WL area and a nonrestored well‐drained alluvium (AL) area in the United States Midwest revealed that despite successful hydrological restoration a decade earlier, biogeochemical conditions in the WL area remained less anoxic than in natural WLs, and not significantly different from those in the AL area. No significant differences in N, P, S, and C compound concentrations or fluxes were observed between the AL and WL areas. Over the duration of the study, nitrate (NO₃^?) and soluble reactive phosphorus appeared to be primarily driven by hillslope contributions. Ammonium (NH₄⁺), sulfate (SO₄^2?), and CO₂ responded strongly to seasonal changes in biogeochemical conditions in the riparian zone, while N₂O and CH₄ fluxes were most influenced by large rewetting events. Overall, our results challenge overly simplistic assumptions derived from direct interpretation of redox thermodynamics, and show complex patterns of solutes and GHGs at the riparian zone scale.     

羰基镍急性中毒对大鼠骨髓细胞的DNA损伤

通过动物实验观察不同剂量羰基镍对大鼠骨髓细胞DNA损伤程度。采用SD大鼠,以135 mg·m~(-3)和250 mg·m~(-3)羰基镍为染毒组,250 mg·m~(-3)氯气为阳性对照组,静态方式染毒30 min。未染毒组为正常对照组,大鼠染毒后1、2、3和7 d分别采集样本。采用单细胞凝胶电泳检测每组大鼠骨髓细胞DNA的损伤程度。彗星尾长和Olive尾矩2个指标的分析结果表明,大鼠骨髓细胞DNA损伤程度随着羰基镍染毒剂量的增加而增加,在4个时间点各剂量组间均有显著差异(P0.05)且随时间的变化有一定的规律,损伤程度在3 d时达到最大,而后缓慢下降。羰基镍急性中毒对大鼠骨髓细胞DNA有一定的损伤,且存在剂量-效应关系,各剂量组损伤程度有一定的时间效应规律。     

ZrO2掺杂的V2O5/TiO2催化剂表征及催化还原NOx

采用共沉淀法制备出不同锆掺杂量的钛锆复合载体(TiO2-ZrO2),运用XRD和BET研究其微观结构,结果显示钛锆物质的量之比1∶1时复合载体具有最大的比表面积,可达256.01 m.2g-1.以此为载体制备了V2O5/TiO2-ZrO2催化剂,并添加少量CeO2对其改性.采用XRD、BET、H2-TPR、原位FT-IR等手段研究其活性组分的表面分散状态、氧化还原特性和表面酸性.结果显示,V2O5高度分散在载体上;与纯V2O5相比,复合载体上V2O5的还原峰向低温方向发生了偏移;催化剂表面包含了大量的B酸和L酸.模拟氨气催化还原NO(NH3-SCR)的脱硝反应活性测试表明,V2O5/TiO2-ZrO2催化剂具有较好的热稳定性和较宽的活性窗口,少量CeO2的加入提高了催化剂的低温活性.     

Tailoring the simultaneous abatement of methanol and NOx on Sb-Ce-Zr catalysts via copper modification

● Cu addition enhances CH₃OH oxidation and alleviates its inhibitory effect on SCR. ● Cu addition improves the activation of SCR reactants in the presence of methanol. ● Damaged structure by more Cu addition decreases specific surface area and acidity. ● Excessive Cu addition would lead to the narrowing of SCR temperature window. Simultaneously removal of NO_x and VOCs over NH₃-SCR catalysts have attracted lots of attention recently. However, the presence of VOCs would have negative effect on deNO_x efficiency especially at low temperature. In this study, copper modification onto Sb_0.5CeZr₂O_x (SCZ) catalyst were performed to enhance the catalytic performance for simultaneous control of NO_x and methanol. It was obtained that copper addition could improve the low-temperature activity of both NO_x conversion and methanol oxidation, where the optimal catalyst (Cu_0.05SCZ) exhibited a deNO_x activity of 96% and a mineralization rate of 97% at 250 °C, which are around 10% higher than that of Cu free sample. The characterization results showed that copper addition could obviously enhance the redox capacity of the catalysts. As such, the inhibition effect of methanol incomplete oxidation on NO adsorption and NH₃ activation were then lessened and the conversion of surface formamide species were also accelerated, resulting in the rising of NO_x conversion at low temperature. However, excessive copper addition would damage the Sb-Ce-Zr oxides solid solution structure owing to Cu-Ce strong interactions, decreasing the surface area and acidity. Meanwhile, due to easier over-oxidation of NH₃ with more Cu addition, the temperature window for NO_x conversion would become quite narrow. These findings could provide useful guidelines for the synergistic removal of VOCs over SCR catalyst in real application.