生物炭固定化硫酸盐还原菌对Cd2+吸附及作用机制分析

分别在300、500、700℃下限氧热解稻草、小麦和玉米秸秆制备生物炭,并以制备的生物炭为载体固定化硫酸盐还原菌(SRB),对比不同类型生物炭固定化SRB对Cd²⁺的吸附效果,筛选出吸附效果最佳的固定化SRB菌剂,并采用SEM、FTIR和BET对其进行表征分析;同时,研究溶液pH、吸附时间、生物炭添加量、Cd²⁺浓度对吸附效应的影响,并结合吸附动力学和等温吸附模型探究其对Cd²⁺的吸附过程及作用机理.结果表明,700℃限氧热解小麦秸秆生物炭固定化SRB菌剂(IBXM700)对Cd²⁺的吸附效果最佳;在pH=8、生物炭添加量为0.6 g(每50 mL溶液)、吸附时间为8 h、Cd²⁺初始浓度为40 mg·L^-1条件下,IBXM700对Cd²⁺的吸附效果最佳,其吸附符合拟一级动力学模型,以离子交换和表面物理吸附为主,以化学吸附作用为辅,且符合Langmuir模型,表明是单分子层吸附;离子交换、沉淀可能是IBXM700吸附Cd^2+...     

过氧化氢氧化法处理低浓度含氰废水的研究

实验采用过氧化氢氧化法处理低浓度含氰废水,考察了过氧化氢浓度、反应时间以及反应pH值对于总氰化物去除率的影响。结果表明:上述研究参数均存在最佳值。在本实验研究范围内,总氰化物初始浓度为3.7 mg/L,过氧化氢浓度为0.96g/L,反应pH值为9,反应时间为2.5 h的条件下,总氰化物去除率达91.2%。实验室小试对比实验表明,过氧化氢和次氯酸钠均能有效处理低浓度含氰废水,但过氧化氢氧化法的药剂成本费比次氯酸钠氧化法的药剂成本费低。     

木质家具行业农民工职业危害预防与教育

近年来,我国经济的蓬勃发展带动了家具行业的迅速发展,家具制造企业数量和从业人员不断增加、企业规模不断扩大。目前我国家具企业数量及从业人数居世界首列,家具企业6万余家、从业人员650余万人。根据《国民经济行业分类与代码》GB/T4754-2002,家具制造业分为木质家具制造、竹藤家     

人工湿地中一株高效低温菌的分离鉴定与去除特性研究

为了寻找在低温条件下能够净化城市污水的微生物,取南四湖人工湿地的底泥,对其中的微生物进行驯化后,从中分离出在低温条件下生长速率及代谢速率都较高的6株菌.根据这6株菌对模拟废水的去除效果从中筛选出去除效率最高的菌株E,其对模拟废水中COD、总磷、氨氮的去除率分别为62.92％、56.42％、50.63％.经形态特征、生理生化特性及16S rDNA序列分析鉴定,该菌株为黄假单胞菌(Pseudomonas flava),命名为Pseudomonas tiava WD-3.研究表明,菌株E最适温度、pH和盐度分别为16℃、6.0 ～8.0、1％,最佳碳源和氮源分别为蔗糖、蛋白胨.在最适生长条件下的去除试验表明,菌株E对模拟污水COD、总磷、氨氮的去除效果有明显的提高,分别是最初试验值的1.20、1.25、1.02倍,且去除性能稳定.因此,该菌株在湿地对城市污水的生物治理中具有良好的应用前景和很大的发展空间.     

硒对汞在稀有鲫体内积累动力学影响

通过增加饲料中亚硒酸钠的含量，研究了硒对氯化汞在稀有鲫体内积累动力学的影响，探讨了硒对汞富集的影响机制，并给出了两种硒浓度下汞的积累方程。结果表明，饲料中０．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ的硒对鱼体汞富集无明显影响，２．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ的硒使鱼体汞富集增加。并且高硒饲料降低了鱼对汞的排除常数，使鱼体总汞的稳态含量增大。     

Algae community and trophic state of subtropical reservoirs in southeast Fujian, China

Background,

aim, and scope Fujian reservoirs in southeast China are important water resources for economic and social sustainable development, although few have been studied previously. In recent years, growing population and increasing demands for water shifted the focus of many reservoirs from flood control and irrigation water to drinking water. However, most of them showed a rapid increase in the level of eutrophication, which is one of the most serious and challenging environmental problems. In this study, we investigated the algae community characteristics, trophic state, and eutrophication control strategies for typical subtropical reservoirs in southeast Fujian.

Materials and methods

Surface water samples were collected using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic bottles from 11 Fujian reservoirs in summer 2010. Planktonic algae were investigated by optical microscopy. Water properties were determined according to the national standard methods.

Results and discussion

Shallow reservoirs generally have higher values of trophic state index (TSI) and appear to be more susceptible to anthropogenic disturbance than deeper reservoirs. A total of 129 taxa belonging to eight phyla (i.e., Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Chrysophyta, Cryptophyta, Cyanophyta, Euglenophyta, Pyrrophyta, Xanthophyta) were observed and the most diverse groups were Chlorophyta (52 taxa), Cyanophyta (20 taxa), Euglenophyta (17 taxa), Chrysophyta (14 taxa). The dominant groups were Chlorophyta (40.58%), Cyanophyta (22.91%), Bacillariophyta (21.61%), Chrysophyta (6.91%). The species richness, abundance, diversity, and evenness of algae varied significantly between reservoirs. TSI results indicated that all 11 reservoirs were eutrophic, three of them were hypereutrophic, six were middle eutrophic, and two were light eutrophic. There was a strong positive correlation between algal diversity and TSI at P?4-N, NO _x -N, TP, and chlorophyll a were significant environmental variables affecting the distribution of algae communities. The transparency and chlorophyll a were the strongest environmental factors in explaining the community data. Furthermore, the degradation of water quality associated with excess levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in Fujian reservoirs may be impacted by interactions among agriculture and urban factors. A watershed-based management strategy, especially phosphorus control, should be developed for drinking water source protection and sustainable reservoirs in the future.

Conclusion and recommendations

All investigated reservoirs were eutrophicated based on the comprehensive TSI values; thus, our results provided an early warning of water degradation in Fujian reservoirs. Furthermore, the trophic state plays an important role in shaping community structure and in determining species diversity of algae. Therefore, long-term and regular monitoring of Euglenophyta, Cyanophyta, TN, TP and chlorophyll a in reservoirs is urgently needed to further understand the future trend of eutrophication and to develop a watershed-based strategy to manage the Cyanophyta bloom hazards.     

NaY分子筛疏水改性及其对汽车涂装VOCs废气的吸附

针对水分存在条件下分子筛吸附VOCs吸附容量急剧下降的问题,以汽车涂装过程产生的二甲苯、甲苯、乙酸丁酯为VOCs代表,采用三甲基氯硅烷 (TMCS) /正己烷对NaY分子筛进行疏水改性,以提高高湿度条件下分子筛对VOCs的吸附性能。结果表明,最佳的TMCS/正己烷体积比为1:7 (NaY-4) ,在RH=65%条件下,NaY-4对甲苯的吸附量为7.15 mg·g⁻¹,是未改性NaY分子筛吸附量的2.58倍,且经5次吸附脱附循环实验,吸附容量仍保持在92.56%以上。BET、XRD、FTIR及接触角等表征结果表明,改性并未对分子筛的晶型结构造成影响,但会减小其比表面积;改性后Si—CH₃和Si—O—Si疏水官能团增多,接触角由13.2°增加到121.6°,疏水性增强。该研究结果可为分子筛转轮VOCs吸附技术的工业应用提供参考。     

Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and risk for premature ovarian failure and reproductive hormones imbalance

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) are a typical class of persistent organic pollutants that is ubiquitous worldwide.Previous animal studies suggested that PAHs had adverse effects on female reproduction.However,the human data regarding relationship of PAHs exposure with women reproductive health,such as ovarian dysfunction,are scarce.In this case-control study,the associations of serum levels of PAHs with the risk of premature ovarian failure(POF) and reproductive hormones in Chinese women ...     

工业烟气净化系统的风量平衡调节及数值模拟应用研究

为了对某钢铁集团烧结机尾气净化系统的风量平衡进行调节,提出了利用Fluent仿真软件对通风管道内部流场进行数值模拟,在主管和部分支管上设置节流管、调节管径的改进措施。风量模拟结果表明,通风管道的原风量存在严重的不平衡性,吸尘点的风量不平衡率高达75.0%,在部分管道增加节流管可以有效调整管道的风量不平衡性,调整后吸尘点风量的不平衡率为18.8%;对于压力损失较大、风量偏小的管道,可通过管径调节使其风量基本达到设计要求;Fluent仿真软件的风量模拟值与现场实测值有较高的吻合性,数值模拟方法可以为工业烟气净化系统的改造提供参考依据。不仅能够为前期工程设计提供帮助,大大节省工程调试费用,缩短工期,并有助于风量不平衡管道的调节和改造。     

不同演替阶段中黧蒴栲种群的大小结构与分布格局

在中亚热带常绿阔叶林,有代表性地选择三个黧蒴栲群落类型,即黧蒴栲纯林（常绿阔叶林皆伐地自然演替而成的黧蒴栲纯林,用生长锥对优势木进行随机抽查得其最大年龄为１３ａ）、以黧蒴栲为优势种的混交林（经优势木随机抽测其最大年龄为２４ａ）和黧蒴栲已不成为优势种的混交林（实为天然次生林,优势木随机抽测最大年龄为５３ａ）。测定分析结果表明,黧蒴栲群落在自然演替的前期即幼林阶段的种群大小级结构呈典型的三角状增长型;