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Yuqing Qiu Xin Wu Yanru Zhang Lingling Xu Youwei Hong Jinsheng Chen Xiaoqiu Chen Junjun Deng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2019,31(6):257-266
Light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols including black carbon(BC) and brown carbon(BrC)play significant roles in atmospheric radiative properties. One-year measurements of aerosol light absorption at multi-wavelength were continuously conducted in Xiamen,southeast of China in 2014 to determine the light absorption properties including absorption coefficients(σabs) and absorption ?ngstr?m exponent(AAE) in the coastal city.Light absorptions of BC and BrC with their contributions to total light absorption were further quantified. Mean σabsat 370 nm and 880 nm were 56.6 ± 34.3 and 16.5 ± 11.2 Mm-1,respectively. σabspresented a double-peaks diurnal pattern with the maximum in the morning and the minimum in the afternoon. σabswas low in warm seasons and high in cold seasons. AAE ranged from 0.26 to 2.58 with the annual mean of 1.46, implying that both fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning influenced aerosol optical properties. σabsof BrC at 370 nm was 24.0 ± 5.7 Mm-1, contributing 42% to the total absorption. The highest AAE(1.52 ± 0.02) and largest BrC contributions(47% ± 4%) in winter suggested the significant influence of biomass burning on aerosol light absorption. Long-distance air masses passing through North China Plain and the Yangtze River Delta led to high AAE and BrC contributions. High AAE value of 1.46 in July indicated that long-range transport of the air pollutants from intense biomass burning in Southeast Asia would affect aerosol light absorption in Southeast China. The study will improve the understanding of light absorption properties of aerosols and the optical impacts of BrC in China. 相似文献
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臭氧/Mn2+催化降解水溶液中的2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以Mn2 为催化剂与臭氧联合降解除草剂2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D).考察了反应温度、pH、2,4-D初始浓度和臭氧气体流量等因素对2,4-D降解效果的影响.pH对2,4-D降解效果影响很大,当pH=2.0、反应5 min时,2,4-D的去除率达99.8%;当pH=10.1、反应20min时,2,4-D的去除率仅为50.0%.反应温度升高、臭氧气体流量增加、2,4-D初始浓度降低均有助于2,4-D降解速率的提高.单独臭氧氧化2,4-D的表观反应速率常数为0.170 min-1;催化臭氧氧化2,4-D的表观反应速率常数为0.295min-1,是单独臭氧氧化的1.74倍.2,4-D的Mn2 催化臭氧反应遵循拟一级反应动力学方程. 相似文献
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2,4,6-三氯酚在环境中广泛分布,是典型的持久性有机污染物.脱卤呼吸菌能还原分解氯酚,使其毒性大大降低,继而被其他微生物氧化分解并矿化.然而脱卤呼吸菌在自然环境中丰度较低,代谢速率慢,对电子利用能力较差,因此传统的生物添加或生物激活等原位修复方法往往导致效能受限,可应用性差.本研究驯化富集了具有稳定厌氧还原脱氯2,4,6-三氯酚能力的混合菌群,在添加乙酸钠(5 mmol·L-1)和氢气(10 mL)的情况下,在6 d内将2,4,6-三氯酚还原脱卤为4-氯酚.研究采用聚氨酯泡沫作为生物载体材料,在聚氨酯泡沫表面负载电气石,发现在无氢气额外添加的情况下,2,4,6-三氯酚的还原脱氯速率提高了6倍,且脱卤性能稳定.对强化后混菌的群落结构及潜在核心脱氯功能菌属进行分析,16S rRNA测序鉴定结果表明假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)在混合菌群中的占比超过90%,为体系中的核心脱氯功能菌.本研究为地下水中还原脱卤菌群的应用提供了理论技术. 相似文献
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Xu L Chen X Chen J Zhang F He C Du K Wang Y 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(5):1443-1453
Background
PM10 aerosol samples were simultaneously collected at two urban and one urban background sites in Fuzhou city during two sampling campaigns in summer and winter. PM10 mass concentrations and chemical compositions were determined.Methods
Water-soluble inorganic ions (Cl?, NO 3 ? , SO 4 2? , NH 4 + , K+, Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+), carbonaceous species (elemental carbon and organic carbon), and elements (Al, Si, Mg, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, and Pb) were detected using ion chromatography, thermal/optical reflectance, and proton-induced X-ray emission methods, respectively.Results
PM10 mass concentrations, as well as most of the chemical components, were significantly increased from urban background to urban sites, which were due to enhanced anthropogenic activities in urban areas. Elements, carbonaceous species, and most of the ions were more uniformly distributed at different types of sites in winter, whereas secondary ion SO 4 2? , NO 3 ? , and NH 4 + showed more evident urban-background contrast in this season. The chemical mass closure indicated that mineral dust, organic matters, and sulfate were the most abundant components in PM10. The sum of individually measured components accounted for 86.9?C97.7% of the total measured PM10 concentration, and the discrepancy was larger in urban area than in urban background area.Conclusion
According to the principal component analysis?Cmultivariate linear regression model, mineral dust, secondary inorganic ions, sea salt, and motor vehicle were mainly responsible for the PM10 particles in Fuzhou atmosphere, and contributed 19.9%, 53.3%, 21.3%, and 5.5% of PM10, respectively. 相似文献18.
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过硫酸钾脱除气态元素汞的试验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在鼓泡塔反应器中,用过硫酸钾(K2S2O8)脱除气态元素汞.试验考察了K2S2O8浓度、吸收温度及催化剂等因素对脱汞效率的影响.结果表明:当K2S2O8在1.0~10.0 mmol/L时,随着浓度的增加,脱汞效率显著升高;AgNO3对K2S2O8脱汞具有显著的催化作用,且0.3 mmol/L AgNO3的催化效果优于0.1 mmol/L AgNO3;CuSO4对K2S2O8除汞也具有催化作用,但催化效果不如AgNO3;AgNO3存在下,低温更有利于汞的脱除. 相似文献
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Liqian Yin Zhenchuan Niu Xiaoqiu Chen Jinsheng Chen Fuwang Zhang Lingling Xu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(7):5141-5156
PM2.5 and PM2.5–10 aerosol samples were collected in four seasons during November 2010, January, April, and August 2011 at 13 urban/suburban sites and one background site in Western Taiwan Straits Region (WTSR), which is the coastal area with rapid urbanization, high population density, and deteriorating air quality. The 10 days average PM2.5 concentrations were 92.92, 51.96, 74.48, and 89.69 μg/m3 in spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively, exceeding the Chinese ambient air quality standard for annual average value of PM2.5 (grade II, 35 μg/m3). Temporal distribution of water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) in PM2.5 was coincident with PM2.5 mass concentrations, showing highest in spring, lowest in summer, and middle in autumn and winter. WSIIs took considerable proportion (42.2~50.1 %) in PM2.5 and PM2.5–10. Generally, urban/suburban sites had obviously suffered severer pollution of fine particles compared with the background site. The WSIIs concentrations and characteristics were closely related to the local anthropogenic activities and natural environment, urban sites in cities with higher urbanization level, or sites with weaker diffuse condition suffered severer WSIIs pollution. Fossil fuel combustion, traffic emissions, crustal/soil dust, municipal constructions, and sea salt and biomass burnings were the major potential sources of WSIIs in PM2.5 in WTSR according to the result of principal component analysis. 相似文献