噻吩磺隆降解菌FLX的分离鉴定及降解特性

从生产噻吩磺隆的农药厂内土壤中采取土样,经驯化富集后筛选到1株能高效降解噻吩磺隆的细菌FLX,根据表型特征、生理生化特性及16SrDNA分析,鉴定FLX初步为寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas sp.).FLX能在含50mg/L噻吩磺隆的基础盐液体培养基中降解噻吩磺隆,48h降解率达83.34%.FLX降解噻吩磺隆的最适pH值为7.0,最适温度为35℃,在所试的金属离子中,Zn²⁺、Al³⁺、Cu²⁺、Ba²⁺、Fe_³⁺等对FLX的降解影响较小;Hg²⁺,Co²⁺则抑制FLX的生长与降解.酶的定域实验表明,该菌中噻吩磺隆水解酶为胞内酶.     

Aging activity of DDE in dissimilar rice soils in a greenhouse experiment

A green-house study was conducted in late 2005 to investigate the aging behavior of p,p'-DDE in two types of soil, Hydragric Anthrosols (An) and Hydragric Acrisols (Ac), according to the World Reference Base (WRB) [FAO/ISRIC/ISSS. 1998. World reference base for soil resources. World soil resources reports, Rome. p. 87]. Paddy rice and dry rice were grown in submerged paddy soils and non-submerged upland soils, respectively. The concentration of extractable p,p'-DDE in fresh DDE-spiked soils was 746.2ngg(-1). During the first few weeks of the experiment, the extractability of p,p'-DDE became increasingly low as the aging period prolonged. However, certain amount of p,p'-DDE that had been captured by soil minerals and organic matter (OM) could be released and became extractable in the later period. The extractability of p,p'-DDE in submerged soils was significantly lower than that in non-submerged soil, because flooding could increase the binding of pollutants to soil particles. The plantation of both dry rice and paddy rice slowed down the aging process of p,p'-DDE. After one month's growth of rice, p,p'-DDE bound to soil particles was released and became extractable. The OM and silt content of An are higher than that of Ac, resulting in more bound residues and relative lower extractability of p,p'-DDE in An. In addition, the extractability of p,p'-DDE could be reduced by the addition of rice straw to soils.     

苯酚、苯胺及其衍生物对斜生栅列藻的急性毒性及QSAR研究

本文应用ＯＥＣＤ标准方法测定了１８种酚类胺类化合物对斜生栅列藻的４８ｈ－ＥＣ６０值,选择参数ＥＬＵＭＯ和ｌｇＫｏｗ进行了ＱＳＡＲ分析,得到下列回归方程：－１ｇＥＣ５０＝２．５４１－０．６４９ＥＬＵＭＯ＋０．２９９ＬｇＫｏｗ,ｎ＝１８,ｒ＝０．９０３,ＳＥ＝０．３１４应用所得方程计算了化合物的毒性,探讨了毒机理。     

苯胺环境标准样品研制中紫外分光光度法的应用

研究了苯胺弱酸性水溶液的紫外吸收特性,并将研究结果运用于苯胺水质标准样品的研制。用紫外分光光度法对标准样品进行均匀性、稳定性和定值测定,从而简化了分析手续,取得了良好的分析结果     

气相色谱法测定废水和废气中N′,N-二甲基甲酰胺

以气相色谱石英毛细管柱分离、ＦＩＤ检测,测定废水和废气中Ｎ′,Ｎ－二甲基甲酰胺（ＤＭＦ）。在１０ｍｇ／Ｌ～１８８１０ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内有良好的线性关系。检测限：废水为０５ｍｇ／Ｌ;废气为０８ｍｇ／ｍ３。样品测定的相对标准差为４％～８％,回收率在７６％～１１２％之间,精密度和准确度均较好     

Sorption of phenanthrene by dissolved organic matter and its complex with aluminum oxide nanoparticles

Intent of this study was to explore the potential application of polymerin, the polymeric, dissolved organic matter fraction from olive oil wastewaters, in technologies aimed at remediating hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) point-source pollution. Phenanthrene binding with polymerin was investigated. Moreover, the effect of addition of micro and nanoscale aluminum oxides (Al₂O₃) was studied, as well as sorption of polymerin on the oxides. Phenanthrene binding capacity by polymerin was notably higher than the sorption capacities for both types of Al₂O₃ particles. Polymerin sorption on nanoparticles was nearly 100 times higher than microparticles. In a three-phase system, using microparticles, higher phenanthrene sorption was found by adding into water polymerin, oxides and phenanthrene simultaneously. In contrast, using nanoparticles, a considerable enhancement of phenanthrene sorption was shown by adding phenanthrene to a pre-formed and dried polymerin-oxide complex. These findings support the application of polymerin, especially associated with Al₂O₃ nanoparticles, in remediation of water contaminated with HOCs. This work highlights the significant role of nanoparticles.     

基于ARAMIS体系的某原油罐区风险评估

随着我国原油罐区规模的逐渐扩大,原油罐区安全管理也在经受着严峻的挑战。以西北某原油罐区为例,建立了基于ARAMIS体系原油罐区风险评估模型,从识别危险设备出发,找出对应设备的关键事件,建立事故树和事故后果蝴蝶结图,从而建立完整的事故场景,并对事故场景进行风险后果严重度分析;然后考虑到欧盟国家与我国国情存在明显的差异,邀请国内相关专家对人员、环境、设施的相对重要性程度重新进行评估,并根据层次分析法计算得到人员、环境、设施脆弱性指标的权重值,构建了适合我国原油罐区特性的系统脆弱性计算方程;最后,基于风险后果严重度和系统脆弱性评估结果,计算得到系统的风险值,并确定原油罐区系统的风险水平。结果表明：相较于欧盟研究中心调查打分法,我国调查打分法对人员脆弱性指标的权重有所提高,导致计算得到的原油罐区系统整体风险值略高,体现我国对原油泄漏严重后果的重视程度更高,也进一步体现了引入层次分析法并据此制定适于我国国情的原油罐区风险评价方法的必要性。该风险评估结果可为原油罐区火灾事故模拟和制定应急预案提供数据支持和决策依据。     

高铁酸钾氧化去除弱碱性地下水中低浓度石油类污染物实验研究

研究一般地下水弱碱性水溶液中,高铁酸钾对低浓度石油烃类污染物的氧化去除率.采用0#柴油模拟石油类污染物试验水样,氧化反应在200mL烧杯中模拟完全混合状态完成.实验分析浓度分别为5.02mg/L、2.05mg/L、1.01mg/L和0.52mg/L4个水样石油类污染物氧化去除率.实验研究显示,石油类污染浓度与高铁酸钾浓...     

同位素示踪技术在沉积物重金属污染溯源中的应用

沉积物重金属污染及其防治愈来愈受重视,查明污染源是有效治理污染的前提。文章概述了近年来国内外铅、锶等同位素、放射性核素示踪技术在沉积物重金属污染溯源研究中的应用,针对以往研究工作的不足和存在的问题,指出了今后沉积物中重金属污染源解析研究中的重点:采用Pb、Sr、Zn等同位素示踪法,结合多元统计及其它元素地球化学信息追踪重金属污染源和评价污染程度。     

地表水中微量氯代芳烃和硝基取代芳烃化合物的分析方法

建立了固相萃取、毛细管气相色谱-电子捕获检测、内标标准曲线法定量分析地表水中十三种氯苯、硝基氯苯和硝基苯类化合物的方法.该法对这些化合物的平均回收率在62%-101%之间,变异系数在3%-27%之间,方法最小检测浓度在0.01-1.31μg·1-1之间.应用本方法对太湖水中的氯代芳烃和硝基取代芳烃化合物进行了三次采样分析,定量重现性较好.