突发性跨界水污染事故环境风险源数据管理系统的建立

为了全面、准确、真实地展现跨界区域水污染事故环境风险源的分布和现状,并识别突发性跨界水污染事故风险源的风险等级,本文结合地理信息空间数据库技术,在数据管理系统功能框架与总体设计技术路线的指导下,建立了该风险源数据管理系统。结果显示,集合了Oracle属性数据库、ArcGIS空间数据库和识别指标模型的数据管理系统,实现了对跨界水污染事故风险源信息的可视化表征,并能对识别体系、对数据的需求进行及时响应,为风险源识别提供数据基础。     

高氯酸钠对斑马鱼胚胎的毒性效应

采用斑马鱼胚胎发育技术方法研究高氯酸钠对斑马鱼胚胎的急性毒性效应,配制一系列高氯酸钠的浓度,对受精1h的胚胎进行染毒暴露,最后对斑马鱼胚胎的心率,孵化率,死亡率,畸形率进行统计分析。研究结果显示,高氯酸钠(NaClO4)浓度的增加,斑马鱼胚胎的心率和孵化率降低、死亡率和畸形率增加。斑马鱼48hpf的胚胎心率高浓度组比对照组下降了35%;72 h的孵化率由对照组的88%降低到高浓度组的36%;144 h的死亡率由对照组的5%增加到72%;144 h的畸形率由对照组的2%增加到91%,主要畸形表现为心包囊肿(PE),脊柱弯曲(AM),鱼鳔缺失(SBD)等。结果表明,高浓度的高氯酸钠(NaClO4)对斑马鱼胚胎发育有明显的剂量效应作用。     

基于属性识别理论模型的城市大气环境质量评价——以镇江市2009年为例

通过阐述属性识别理论和变异系数,建立大气环境质量评价的属性识别理论模型,并参照国家大气环境质量标准(GB3095-1996),以镇江市环保局2009年提供的原始数据为对象,对镇江市大气环境质量进行空间上的综合评价。结果表明,镇江句容市的大气环境质量为Ⅰ级(清洁),市区、扬中市和丹阳市的大气环境质量为Ⅱ级(轻污染)。同时,属性识别理论模型计算较为简单,评价客观;结合对主要污染物平均浓度变异系数的分析,使区域间的比较更为清晰,更能反映出真实情况。     

The impact of risk tolerance,risk perception and hazardous attitude on safety operation among airline pilots in China

The present study integrates personality approach and social cognition approach to investigate the relationships between risk tolerance, risk perception, hazardous attitude and safety operation behavior in order to understand the mechanisms underlying pilots’ safety operation behavior in aviation. The study sample consisted of 118 commercial airline pilots from China Southern Airlines Ltd. The results show risk tolerance displays an indirect effect on safety operation behavior through influencing hazardous attitude; risk perception has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between risk tolerance and safety operation behavior. Based on the above, it can be concluded that the low risk tolerance primarily influences safety operation behavior indirectly through affecting hazardous attitude. With risk perception increasing, the negative effects of risk tolerance on safety operation behavior are gradually reduced. Practical implications for aviation safety campaigns are also discussed.     

Effect of Cu-based metal organic framework (Cu-MOF) loaded with TiO2 on the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B dye

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Using copper nitrate trihydrate as the copper source, TiO2@Cu-MOF nanocomposites were prepared by a one-step crystallization method, and the effect of...     

大纵湖大型底栖动物群落结构与水质生物学评价

2013年1月中旬对大纵湖5个采样点的大型底栖动物进行调查,共采集底栖动物29种,其中DZ1的优势种为苏氏尾鳃蚓(Branchiura sowerbyi);其他各点的优势种为长角涵螺(Alocinma longicornis)。采用理化分析、Shannon-Wiener指数、Margalef指数、BPI指数对各点水质进行了综合评价。结果表明:DZ4属于β-中污染水质,其他各点属于α-中污染水质;对主要的环境因子与底栖动物密度进行相关性分析,发现DO与底栖动物群落未显著相关,NH3-N、NO-3-N、CODMn等因子更能代表水体的污染水平和营养状态,且随着营养状态的升高,耐污种类的颤蚓类数量呈现出增高趋势;寡毛类、蛭类、摇蚊幼虫、水生昆虫和软体动物5者之间除了寡毛类和蛭类存在极显著正相关性之外,其他无显著相关性。     

雾霾的预防和控制措施研究

雾霾的形成,主要是城市静风、大气逆温层以及大气中细颗粒物污染的综合效应。控制和预防雾霾,应该加强机动车的监控、鼓励清洁能源汽车的研发、生产和销售。大力发展城市公共交通、建设城市公共自行车网络,严格建筑扬尘的管理和对重点大气污染源的治理,实行联防联控和区域联动机制,环保部门要全面开展雾霾监测,会同气象部门,结合气象参数等各方面资料,建立健全雾霾的预警预报体系,同时倡导全民低碳出行的生产、生活理念以及加强环保的宣传教育,提高全民环保意识。     

面向疫情危机的城市公共卫生系统韧性

为有效应对城市公共卫生危机,公共卫生系统韧性至关重要。以武汉新冠肺炎(COVID-19)疫情防控成功经验为例,运用扎根理论分析政府、社区、医疗机构、媒体、非政府组织在COVID-19疫情防控中的观念与行为,解析出反映系统韧性特征的疾病监测体系、防疫资源管理、合作治理能力等10个主范畴及对应的52个子范畴,由此将系统韧性细分为功能韧性、过程韧性和整体韧性。运用解释结构模型(ISM)构建提升公共卫生系统韧性的层次结构模型,揭示多元社会主体通过前述韧性要素集合:社会防疫基础、防疫科技与文化、疫情风险综合治理的层级递进应急准备,实现城市公共卫生系统韧性提升目标。     

Effects of ZnO nanoparticles on perfluorooctane sulfonate induced thyroid-disrupting on zebrafish larvae

Perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS) and ZnO nanoparticles(nano-ZnO) are widely distributed in the environment.However,the potential toxicity of co-exposure to PFOS and nano-ZnO remains to be fully elucidated.The test investigated the effects of co-exposure to PFOS and nano-ZnO on the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid(HPT) axis in zebrafish.Zebrafish embryos were exposed to a combination of PFOS(0.2,0.4,0.8 mg/L) and nano-ZnO(50 mg/L)from their early stages of life(0–14 days).The whole-body content of TH and the expression of genes and proteins related to the HPT axis were analyzed.The co-exposure decreased the body length and increased the malformation rates compared with exposure to PFOS alone.Co-exposure also increased the triiodothyronine(T3) levels,whereas the thyroxine(T4)content remained unchanged.Compared with the exposure to PFOS alone,exposure to both PFOS(0.8 mg/L) and nano-ZnO(50 mg/L) significantly up-regulated the expression of corticotropin-releasing factor,sodium/iodidesymporter,iodothyronine deiodinases and thyroid receptors and significantly down-regulated the expression of thyroid-stimulating hormone,thyroglobulin(TG),transthyretin(TTR) and thyroid receptors.The protein expression levels of TG and TTR were also significantly down-regulated in the co-exposure groups.In addition,the expression of the thyroid peroxidase gene was unchanged in all groups.The results demonstrated that PFOS and nano-ZnO co-exposure could cause more serious thyroid-disrupting effects in zebrafish than exposure to PFOS alone.Our results also provide insight into the mechanism of disruption of the thyroid status by PFOS and nano-ZnO.     

甲基橙分光光度法测氯气的探讨研究

氯气是目前环境空气和污染源重要项目监测之一,根据国家标准方法要求,采用甲基橙分光光度法。标准曲线的正确与否直接关系到数据的准确性。在实际工作中,环境空气标准曲线及污染源标准曲线,相关性均做不到三个9,且两者曲线的斜率、截距波动较大,直接影响数据的准确性,尤其对浓度较低的数据影响更大。本文针对这一问题,对氯气曲线的标准溶液浓度和加标量进行了改进。改进后环境空气和污染源标准曲线相关性可达到三个9,斜率和截距波动不大。经回收率实验,该方法可获得满意结果。