净化SO2的生物膜填料塔中微生物类群分析

对净化废气中SO2的生物膜填料塔内的微生物进行了分离纯化并做鉴定,得到一株嗜酸性氧化硫硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus thiooxdans IEL001)和一株分类地位非常接近链二孢属(Bispora sp.)的极端嗜酸真IEL002,生物膜填料塔内的极端酸性环境和有机营养的缺乏导致生物膜上的微生物种类较为...     

进水碳氮比对SUFR系统脱氮除磷影响的特性分析

考察了进水碳氮比（C/N）对螺旋升流式反应器（spiral up-flow reactor,SUFR）系统生物脱氮除磷的影响,试验设计了进水C/N在7～13范围的数种工况,研究了SUFR系统中COD、总磷和氮的变化规律。结果表明,进水C/N对SUFR系统去除COD与TP效果的影响不明显,平均去除率分别为95.2%和93.9%;当进水C/N<9.4时,TN的去除率随C/N的增大而快速提高,而当进水C/N>9.4时,TN的去除率稳定在81.1%～85.6%;SUFR系统的硝化效果较稳定,氨氮的去除率保持在90.5%～98.8%;系统的反硝化作用随C/N的增大有所增强,出水硝酸盐氮浓度逐渐降低。     

临江河回水区营养盐及富营养化特征分析

以2008年3～9月对库区次级河流临江河回水区水质的调查为依据,分析了临江河回水区氮、磷营养盐的污染分布及富营养化特征。结果表明,临江河回水区氨氮(NH₃-N)、总氮(TN)的浓度在7月中旬达到最小值,分别为1.963和5.128 mg/L, 之后在9月初出现峰值,而磷酸盐(PO^3-₄-P)和总磷(TP)的浓度却呈现出先增加后下降的变化规律;氮主要来自点源污染,而磷受面源污染影响较大;溶解性无机氮(DIN)和PO^3-₄-P是TN与TP的主要存在形态,平均分别占TN和TP的85.3%和77.8%,而DIN又以NH₃-N为主。营养盐浓度呈现出回水区中游最高,回水末端次之,河口处最低的空间分布特征。叶绿素a（Chl-a）的浓度在4月和9月出现峰值,其空间分布特征与营养盐的类似。研究表明,临江河回水区在重度污染的情况下,即便是河流型水体也可能发生富营养化;流速对Chl-a浓度的显著影响呈指数关系。     

OGO工艺处理城市污水的脱氮除磷效能与水力特性的试验研究

在OCO反应器的基础上改进得到了OGO反应器.在反应器改进前后脱氮除磷效能对比试验的基础上,进行了反应器水力特性的试验研究.城市污水对比试验研究结果表明,OGO工艺较改进前具有更为稳定、良好的生物同时脱氮除磷效果,工艺出水的平均值COD为22mg·L-1、NH4 -N为4.8mg·L-1、TN为11.2 mg·L-1、TP为0.80mg·L-1.反应器流态特征的试验结果表明,改进后形成的OGO反应器内,缺氧环区形成了良好的DO浓度梯度分布,且OGO反应器内推流流态所占比例从改进前的5.9%提高到改进后的12.9%,有效提高了反应器内推流流态的容积利用率和反应器效率.同时,反应器改进后能明显改善混合区水力条件,并有效避免了混合区内侧液流涡旋停滞造成的污泥沉积问题.     

不同气温层结条件下地面加热对街谷扩散能力的影响

利用CFD数值模拟方法研究了气温层结与地面加热作用对街谷环流和污染物扩散的影响.针对高宽比为0.5和1.0的两种街谷,总共进行了18组敏感性数值试验,结果表明相对于气温层结,地表加热是决定街谷附近污染物扩散能力的更为重要的因素,地表加热作用可显著提高街谷的扩散能力.在地表存在加热的情况下,流场结构、空气交换系数、湍流强度总体上均朝着有利于清除街谷内污染物的方向发展,即使是在稳定层结下,地表加热作用所产生的热力环流也会使得污染物能够被有效地输送和扩散到街谷之外,从而使得近地面的污染物浓度下降.     

Enhanced anaerobic digestion and sludge dewaterability by alkaline pretreatment and its mechanism

To investigate the influences of alkaline pretreatment on anaerobic digestion (AD) and sludge dewaterability after AD, waste activated sludge was adjusted to different pH values (8, 9, 10, 11, 12) and placed at ambient temperature for 24 hr. The samples were then adjusted to the initial pH and subjected to 25 days of AD. The results showed that, when compared with the control (pH 6.8), total suspended solids (TSS) and volatile suspended solids (VSS) reduction following pretreatment at pH 9-11 increased by 10.7%-13.1% and 6.5%-12.8%, respectively, while biogas production improved by 7.2%-15.4%. Additionally, significant enhancement of sludge dewaterability after AD occurred when pretreatment at pH 8-9 was conducted. The proteins and carbohydrates transferred from the pellet and tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances (TB-EPS) fractions to the slime and loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) fractions after pretreatment and during the AD process, and the concentrations of proteins and carbohydrates in the slime fraction had a good linear relationship with the normalized capillary suction time (CST). During the AD process, the normalized CST was positively correlated with the organic materials in the loosely bound fraction of the sludge matrix (R^{2≥qslant 0.700, p < 0.01), while it was negatively correlated with the organic materials in the tightly bound fraction (R2≥qslant 0.702, p < 0.01). These results suggest that alkaline pretreatment could break the EPS matrix and release inner organic materials, thus influencing the efficiency of the AD process and dewaterability after AD.}     

活动导流墙同心圆工艺处理生活污水的试验研究

活动导流墙同心圆工艺为在OCO技术的基础上革新改进的一种新型污水处理技术.通过导流墙开角可以进行混合液回流量的调节,实现系统良好生物脱氮除磷效能的优化平衡.正交试验分析得出了该工艺处理中等浓度生活污水运行工况的最佳参数值,即主反应器总水力停留时间(HRT)为9.5 h,好氧曝气区中部溶解氧浓度为1.5 mg/L,污泥龄(SRT)为18 d,系统出水水质能够满足《城镇污水厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)的一级B标准的相关要求.试验结果表明,HRT和好氧曝气区DO水平是影响工艺污染物整体去除效能的关键因素,系统中存在着明显的同时硝化反硝化脱氮现象.     

Assessment of private economic benefits and positive environmental externalities of tea plantation in China

Tea plantations are rapidly expanding in China and other countries in the tropical and subtropical zones, driven by relatively high private economic benefit. However, the impact of tea plantations on the regional environment, including ecosystem services and disservices are unclear. In this study, we developed an assessment framework for determining the private economic benefits and environmental externalities (the algebraic sum of the regulating services and disservices) of tea plantations in China. Our results showed that tea plantations provided private economic benefits of 5,652 yuan ha^?1 year^?1 (7.6 yuan?=?1 USD in 2007) for tea farmers, plus positive environmental externalities of 6,054 yuan ha^?1 year^?1 for the society. The environmental externalities were calculated as the sum of the value of four regulating services, including carbon sequestration (392 yuan ha^?1 year^?1); soil retention (72 yuan ha^?1 year^?1); soil fertility protection (3,189 yuan ha^?1 year^?1) and water conservation (2,685 yuan ha^?1 year^?1), and three disservices, including CO₂ emission (?39 yuan ha^?1 year^?1), N₂O emission (?137 yuan ha^?1 year^?1) and nonpoint source pollution (?108 yuan ha^?1 year^?1). Before the private optimal level, the positive environmental externalities can be maintained by private economic benefits; if a social optimal level is required, subsidies from government are necessary.     

沉积物中2株多环芳烃降解菌的分离鉴定及其对菲、荧蒽的降解特性

从长江重庆主城段近岸表层沉积物中,分离出2株能以菲和荧蒽为碳源和能源生长的菌株(命名为CJ1、CJ2),经鉴定分别为黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium sp.)和克雷伯氏杆菌属(Klebsiella sp.)。进行了菲和荧蒽在初始浓度为20~200 mg/L条件下的生长代谢过程与降解动力学分析。结果表明,CJ1对菲和荧蒽的降解效能总体优于CJ2。15 d时CJ1和CJ2对菲的降解率最高分别为74.3%和70.3%;30 d时CJ1和CJ2对荧蒽的降解率最高分别为58.2%和49.9%。初始浓度为200 mg/L时,两菌株对菲、荧蒽的降解受到一定程度抑制。     

企业金融化与绿色转型研究：机制识别与政策优化

实体企业金融化往往会对其经营管理决策产生重大影响。本文基于实体上市企业年报和财务数据（2007—2020年）,构建其绿色转型指标,进而从理论和实证两个方面确证了金融化对绿色转型的影响与机制问题。实证结果表明,企业金融化会对其绿色转型产生显著的负面冲击,其中短期金融化行为的影响更为明显;特别地,这一冲击对重污染企业、战略性新兴企业绿色转型的影响更为显著。通过机制识别,研究发现上述冲击影响主要通过恶化财务状况、提升企业风险并降低企业预期等渠道导致企业绿色转型水平下降。进一步地,通过政策优化（如金融综合改革试验区制度）支持,上述负面效应将被显著削弱,这也说明金融体制机制的优化是降低企业金融化负面效应,提升其转型升级动力和意愿的重要路径。