Effect of factors on decolorization of azo dye methyl orange by oxone/natural sunlight in aqueous solution

Purpose  

The oxone process for azo dye decolorization has drawbacks such as difficulties with reuse, risks of secondary pollution, and high costs associated with UV irradiation. This study aims to explore the use of oxone for decolorization in the absence of catalyst and under natural sunlight conditions (i.e., oxone/natural sunlight system) and evaluate the impacts of operating parameters (reagent dosage, initial methyl orange (MO) concentration, and initial pH) and coexisting substances (humic acid, NO₃⁻, metal ions) on the system’s decolorization efficiency.     

辽宁省气候-植被指标时空变化特征及森林适宜性分析

基于辽宁省56个气象站的气象资料,利用Kira的温暖指数（WI）、寒冷指数（CI）和徐文铎的湿度指数（HI）分析辽宁省近40年（1967-2006年）气候-植被指标的时空变异。结果表明,就辽宁省区域平均值而言,WI指数呈升高趋势,每10年增加幅度为2.47℃·月,CI指数呈下降趋势,每10年下降幅度为2.31℃·月,HI总体呈下降趋势,波动较WI和CI明显,从气候—植被指数变化趋势看,对红松Pinus koraiensis Sieboldet Zuccarini、长白落叶松Larixolgensis等不利,而对油松Pinu stabulaeformis Carr、栓皮栎Quercus vari abilis Blume等树种有利。空间变化特征表现为,温暖指数界限呈向西北移动的趋势,表明暖温带落叶阔叶疏林带的适宜面积增加,而温带针阔叶混交林带的适宜面积减小;HI指数减小并且向东移,表明随着指数带的北移和东移缩小限制了原有针叶树种的生长,而对栎树Phytophthora ramorum等阔叶树种有利。     

238U、239Pu在板岩和土壤中迁移速度的实验模拟

以西南某低放废物处置库地质环境中板岩和土壤介质为研究对象,开展了238U和239Pu核素在这两种地质介质中的动态迁移实验研究,通过氚穿透实验(地下水流速=1 mL.min-1、实验柱连续淋洗时间=180 d)得到氚在板岩中的弥散系数DL为0.027 cm2.min-1,弥散度αL为0.324 cm,在土壤中的弥散系数DL为0.064 cm.2min-1,弥散度αL为0.895 cm.通过淋滤实验(地下水流速=0.1 mL.h-1、实验柱连续淋洗时间=350 min),得到了238U在板岩和土壤介质中的迁移速度分别为6.1—8.1 cm.a-1和7.3—8.5 cm.a-1,239Pu在板岩和土壤介质中的迁移速度分别为4.1—6.1 cm.a-1和3.7—4.9 cm.a-1.     

Contamination characteristics of trace metals in dust from different levels of roads of a heavily air-polluted city in north China

Concentrations of eight trace metals (TMs) in road dust (RD) (particles?<?25 μm) from urban areas of Xinxiang, China, were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The geometric mean concentrations of Zn, Mn, Pb, As, Cu, Cr, Ni and Cd were 489, 350, 114, 101, 60.0, 39.7, 31.6, and 5.1 mg kg^?1, respectively. When compared with TM levels in background soil, the samples generally display elevated TM concentrations, except for Cr and Mn, and for Cd the enrichment value was 69.6. Spatial variations indicated TMs in RD from park path would have similar sources with main roads, collector streets and bypasses. Average daily exposure doses of the studied TMs were about three orders of magnitude higher for hand-to-mouth ingestion than dermal contact, and the exposure doses for children were 9.33 times higher than that for adults. The decreasing trend of calculated hazard indexes (HI) for the eight elements was As?>?Pb?>?Cr?>?Mn?>?Cd?>?Zn?>?Ni?>?Cu for both children and adults.     

办公室地面灰尘中PAHs污染的时间变化规律及人体健康风险

为探究室内地面灰尘中15种多环芳烃(PAHs)污染的时间变化规律,于2012年3—7月对北京市一座办公楼内的某办公室进行了每周一次的连续高密度灰尘样品采集。利用高效液相色谱-荧光检测器检测15种PAHs含量。结果表明,该办公室内灰尘样品中∑PAHs浓度范围为1 180~24 300 ng·g~(-1),平均浓度为8 960 ng·g~(-1)。总体上,检出的PAHs以3环PAHs为主,其中菲占PAHs总量的59%以上,其次是4环和5环PAHs,4环PAHs中占的比重最高,约占4环PAHs总量的34%。该办公室内灰尘中∑PAHs的浓度存在显著的时间变化差异,总体表现为∑PAHs浓度随气温升高而降低的趋势。源解析结果显示,机动车排放源、石油源、木材与煤燃烧是北京市室内灰尘中PAHs的主要来源。健康风险评估结果显示,ILCR皮肤接触ILCR手口摄入,且CR均值大于10-6,说明该采样点的PAHs污染存在"潜在致癌风险"。     

镉对单环刺螠非特异性免疫及组织蓄积的影响

为探究镉(Cd)对海洋动物的毒性效应,考察了不同质量浓度(0.005、0.05和0.5 mg·L~(-1)) Cd处理对单环刺螠相关免疫生理指标及主要组织中Cd蓄积量的影响。结果表明:Cd胁迫下,血细胞密度(density of hemocyte, DHC)先升后降再升,酚氧化酶(phenoloxidase, PO)活力先升后降,溶菌酶(lysozyme, LSZ)活力先降后升再降,至处理96 h,处理组DHC均显著高于对照组(P0.05),总蛋白含量变化不显著;除低浓度胁迫组(0.005 mg·L~(-1))PO活力与对照组相近外,其他处理组的PO和LSZ活力均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)活力和丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)含量总体呈上升趋势,过氧化氢(H_2O_2)含量先升后降再升,至胁迫96 h,各处理组SOD活力、MDA和H_2O_2含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。总之,Cd胁迫对单环刺螠非特异性免疫影响显著,Cd的短期胁迫可刺激DHC、PO和LSZ升高,免疫力增强,而高浓度Cd的胁迫时间较长会造成机体解毒能力下降,持续刺激机体产生过氧化反应,MDA含量升高,可作为单环刺螠在Cd长期胁迫下的免疫检测指标。不同胁迫浓度组单环刺螠肌肉和消化道中的Cd含量随胁迫时间均呈上升趋势,且存在显著的时间-剂量-效应关系(P0.05),其蓄积量水平为:消化道肌肉,具有组织特异性。     

我国工业场地再利用的环境风险管理困境及对策

我国污染场地再利用的开发活动日渐增多,伴随场地的再利用对环境和人体健康造成不良影响的环境事件也愈加频繁。在土壤污染防治立法、相关的土壤环境质量标准与监管制度都欠缺的情况下,针对污染场地再利用环境风险管理的项目规划的失当、环境风险评估指标的缺失及监督管理制度不健全的障碍,应加强区域环评与单项建设项目环评的协调,落实场地监管主体、层级及各自的监管职责,形成环境损害赔偿机制,从而健全场地环境风险管理制度。     

Changes of polyamine levels in roots of Sagittaria sagittifolia L. under copper stress

Introduction

The goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of Cu contamination on the above-mentioned biochemical and physiological parameters in order to explore possible prevention strategies against heavy metal stress.

Materials and methods

Effects of copper (Cu) on the roots of Sagittaria sagittifolia L. were studied after 10 days of treatment at five concentration levels. The accumulation of Cu, the generation rate of O₂ ^·?C, the contents of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and polyamines, as well as the activities of arginine decarboxylase (ADC) and polyamine oxidase (PAO) in the roots were measured and analyzed.

Results and discussion

It was observed that endogenous Cu content increased in roots of S. sagittifolia L. in a concentration-dependent manner, along with an increased production of O₂ ^·?C. TBARS content increased progressively up to 5 ??mol l^?1 Cu. A constant increase in ADC activity was also observed. The results indicated that lower Cu concentrations (2.5 and 5 ??mol l^?1, respectively) had greater enhancing effect on the contents of free Put and perchloric acid-soluble conjugated (PS-conjugated) putrescine (Put), while Cu treatments at different concentration levels had similar enhancing effect on the content of perchloric acid-insoluble bound Put. In total, Put content in each Cu-treated group was higher than that in the control group. PAO activity was inhibited up to 10 ??mol l^?1 Cu but enhanced at higher Cu concentrations (20 and 40 ??mol l^?1). This explained the initial rise and subsequent decline of the contents of all forms of spermine (Spm), free and PS-conjugated spermidine (Spd). However, with the increase of Cu concentration, total Spm content increased gradually while total Spd content decreased. Our results suggest that Cu is phytotoxic to the roots of S. sagittifolia L. at high concentrations, and that the increased Spm level is not sufficient to resist Cu-induced oxidative damages.     

Effect of soil crust on evaporation and dew deposition in Mu Us sandy land, China

The development of soil crust on sandy land may affect the surface hydrological process. This paper investigates the process of evaporation and dew deposition influenced by different soil surface types which were dominated by sand, primitive biotic crust, and advanced biotic crust, respectively, in the south fringe of Mu Us sandy land in Northwest China from July to September of 2006. The experimental results indicate that the advanced biotic crust could increase evaporation and dew deposition compared to the primitive biotic crust and bare sand although the differences between them were not significant. The average evaporation from advanced biotic crust, primitive biotic crust and sand was 6.8, 6.6, and 6.5 mm/d, respectively, and water content is around 16.2 % in the condition of initially identical soil. The average dew amount on advanced biotic crust was 0.116 mm/d with extreme 0.05 and 0.24 mm/d. The average values on primitive biotic crust and sand were 0.105 and 0.101 mm/d, respectively, with extreme 0.04 and 0.21 mm/d for both treatments. Also, the dew deposition on advanced biotic crust seemed stable and might rest for a longer time than that on primitive biotic crust and sand. The results suggest that the advanced biotic crust possibly facilitates evaporation and dew deposition. Therefore, the development of biotic crust may potentially enhance the hydrological circulation in the upper sand layer in sandy land.     

农地非农化过程中损失农地生态价值的研究综述

农地的生态系统服务对人类的可持续发展有着重要的意义,而该系统的部分生态价值因未在市场上反映出来而往往被人类所忽略,本文在农地非农化过程中关于损失的生态价值方面进行总结,从研究方法、内容等方面总结了现有研究的特点,从生态服务价值的揭示程度、研究视角的广泛程度、研究方法的完善程度等方面分析了国内研究中存在的基本问题,为今后的研究提供理论依据。