区域大气环境容量及其区域配置研究

以重庆市涪陵区为例,在了解区域大气环境功能区划及区域大气环境质量现状的前提下,采用A-P值法,对涪陵区十三五期间大气环境容量进行研究,并对辖区内的污染负荷进行预测,在此基础上,对大气污染总量控制指标进行分配.研究结果表明,在涪陵区化工园区的二氧化硫排放量已达到或超过总量控制指标,需要制定削减计划,新兴工业园区污染物排放量虽远小于总量控制指标,但根据城市发展规划需进行结构优化与合理布局.     

Lead-induced oxidative damage in steriled seedlings of Nymphoides peltatum

The effects of increasing concentrations of lead (Pb) on Pb accumulation and its influence on nutrient elements, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, generation of superoxide anion (O₂ ^?·), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) content, antioxidant enzymes activities, soluble protein, and photosynthetic pigment, as well as chloroplast ultrastructure in steriled seedlings of Nymphoides peltata (S. G. Gmel.) Kuntze were investigated in order to understand Pb-induced toxicity. The accumulation of Pb was found to increase in a concentration-dependent manner. Nutrient elements (Ca, K, Fe, Mn, and Mo) were also affected. MDA content and O₂ ^?· generation rate increased progressively, while H₂O₂ content first boosted up at a low Pb concentration of 12.5 μM but then declined. Guaiacol peroxidase and catalase activities increased alternately, while superoxide dismutase activity gradually fell. Negative correlations were found between Pb and soluble protein and photosynthetic pigment. Moreover, Pb exposure resulted in a significant damage of chloroplasts. Taken together, these findings supported the hypothesis that Nymphoides peltatum underwent oxidative stress induced by Pb. In addition, both the disorder of nutrient elements and the damage to the ultrastructure of chloroplasts were indicative of general disarray in the cellular functions exerted by Pb.     

进口废五金类加工利压定点企业管理研究

随着我国进口废物环境管理与政策的完善,进口废五金电器、废电线电缆、废电机定点加工利用企业管理逐步完善,但仍存在行业技术装备水平和管理规范性低等问题。本文详述了定点企业生产布局、生产设备、污染治理设施及管理制度的现状及存在问题,并提出相应的建议,为进1：2废五金类企业的发展提供指导依据。     

Response of weeping willows to linear alkylbenzene sulfonate

Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) is the most commonly used anionic surfactant in laundry detergents and cleaning agents. LAS compounds are found in surface waters and soils. The short-term acute toxicity of LAS to weeping willows (Salix babylonica L.) was investigated. Willow cuttings were grown in hydroponic solution spiked with LAS at 24.0+/-1 degrees C for 192 h. The normalized relative transpiration of plants was used to determine toxicity. Severe reduction of the transpiration was only found for high doses of LAS (240 mgl(-1)). Chlorophyll contents in leaves of treated plants varied with the dose of LAS, but there was no significant linear correlation. The activities of the enzymes superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) were quantified at the end of experiments. At higher concentrations of LAS (240 mgl(-1)), the activities of SOD and CAT were decreased. The correlation between the dose of LAS and the POD activity in leaf cells was the highest of all enzyme assays (R(2)=0.5). EC(50) values for a 50% inhibition of the transpiration of the trees were estimated to 374 mgl(-1) (72 h) and 166 mgl(-1) (192 h). Results from this experiment indicated that phytotoxic effects of LAS on willow trees are not expected for normal environmental conditions.     

海藻酸钙包覆纳米Ni/Fe颗粒用于同时去除水中铜离子和氯苯

基于纳米铁系材料易团聚、使用寿命短等缺点,本文利用"绿色"、可降解的海藻酸钙包覆Ni/Fe纳米颗粒(CA-Ni/Fe NPs)同时去除水溶液复合污染物铜离子和氯苯.结果发现,降解120 min后,CA-Ni/Fe NPs对混合液中初始浓度为50 mg·L-1铜离子的去除率为85.9%,而对于50 mg·L-1氯苯的去除率则为95.7%.这说明由于纳米Ni/Fe催化剂的高反应活性,CA-Ni/Fe NPs可以用于同时去除复合污染物.实验同时发现,铜离子和氯苯的去除率均随着体系温度、投加量、pH值的升高而增大.动力学和热力学实验研究表明,铜离子和氯苯的同步去除符合伪一级动力学,并且是化学吸附占主导的反应,提出了CA-Ni/Fe NPs对氯苯脱氯降解和还原铜离子的机理.将CA-Ni/Fe NPs用于处理废水,经过3次使用之后同时去除水溶液中铜离子和氯苯的效率分别维持在83.8%和91.7%.     

漠河县北极镇总体规划旅游资源环境承载能力分析研究

漠河县北极镇总体规划范围为26.31 km2,规划为北极洲、北极新村、北极村、农业观光区、十里长湖公务接待区、龙岛和圣诞村7个部分,规划的总体目标为通过高起点规划,高标准建设,高水平经营,把北极镇建设成为具有找北寻源、养生度假、冰雪体验、会议科研等多功能于一体的旅游地,成为黑龙江省西北部地区乃至东北地区的核心景区,根据北极镇的性质、规模及建设内容,分析预测了漠河县北极镇的旅游环境容量,确保在环境承载能力允许的条件下合理地开发旅游资源。     

航空煤油输送管道泄漏的环境风险及控制分析研究

航空煤油是石油产品之一,主要用作喷气式发动机燃料,国内航空煤油多为军用或民用飞机使用,经地下埋管输送至机场,基于历史原因,较多城市的航空煤油输送管道从城区穿过,随着城市的发展扩建,输送管线可能存在环境及安全方面的隐患,易受到违章挖掘、违章占压、偷盗油、管线腐蚀的威胁,可能造成航空煤油泄露,引起火灾、爆炸、污染环境、人员伤亡等严重事故,存在较大的环境风险,需要采取相应的风险防范措施,设立事故应急预案。通过采取防范措施及事故下的应急处理,可以在最大程度上减缓环境污染的风险。     

哈尔滨市环境空气污染特征变化趋势及雾霾突发原因研究

通过对哈尔滨市近3年环境空气质量变化趋势及污染特征进行分析,进一步明确哈尔滨雾霾现象的原因,主要为进入冬季供暖期,供热源增加的大气污染物与工业源排放的大气污染物以及汽车尾气等面源污染物累积使环境空气中颗粒物激增,导致哈尔滨市环境空气中的大气污染物总量超出了环境承载能力,加上不利污染物扩散的气象条件,大气污染物积聚在哈尔滨城市上空无法扩散,导致了这种雾霾现象。     

黑龙江省环保产业发展现状及发展趋势研究

随着国家宏观政策的规划引导以及环境保护投资的拉动,十余年来,黑龙江省环保产业发展迅速,环保产业的发展对于改善黑龙江省环境质量,推进产业结构升级和转型,促进经济社会可持续发展,具有重要意义。在介绍和分析黑龙江省环境保护及相关产业发展现状的基础上,运用黑龙江省在2004年和2011年的两次环保产业普查数据,分析了黑龙江省环境保护及相关产业的发展特点,指出环保产业发展存在的问题并研究产业发展对策。     

从社会公益角度对国家产业结构调整的几点建议探讨

本文从社会公益角度对国家2011版《产业结构调整指导目录》中的几条规定与现存的环境保护、食品安全、教育、烟酒等社会问题联系起来进行分析,探讨提出基于社会公益相应的产业结构调整建议,以期国家能从社会公益的角度对产业结构进行再度调整。