氯代苯化合物的毒性分析

文章对氯代苯化合物的性质作了系统的论述,并对其毒性进行了研究。通过对氯代苯化合物辛醇——水分配系数的估算分析了氯代苯化合物的毒性与取代基数目的关系,利用二氯代苯对冬小麦、油菜的致死浓度和半致死浓度分析了其毒性与取代基位置的关系。结果表明,氯代苯的毒性随苯环上氢原子被氯原子取代个数的增加而加大。在苯环上氢原子被取代的个数相同时,毒性与氢原子被取代的位置有关,邻位最大,间位次之,对位最小。最后就氯代苯化合物对水生生物、高等动物以及人体的毒性进行了重点分析。     

Evaluating salinity variation and origin in coastal aquifer systems with integrated geophysical and hydrochemical approaches

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Public concerns have been dramatically increased over potential saltwater intrusion resulting in freshwater resources shortage in coastal aquifers in...     

Study on carbon dioxide emission from reservoirs with different regulation types and its empirical prediction model

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The construction of artificial reservoirs with various regulation types on river is currently an important form of comprehensive utilization of water...     

除磷颗粒污泥中磷的形态及其含量分析

以实验室培养的4种除磷颗粒污泥为研究对象,利用X衍射法和SMT法对除磷颗粒污泥中磷（P）的形态和含量进行了分析测定,同时利用加热法和超声法将除磷颗粒污泥中胞内物质和胞外物质分离,提取胞外聚合物（EPS）,分析其中总磷（TP）的含量,并进一步研究除磷颗粒污泥的除磷机理。结果表明：除磷颗粒污泥中的磷与Ca、Fe、Al、Na、K、Mg等结合形成磷酸盐化合物,其中无机磷（IP）含量达97%以上,且IP中钙结合磷（Ca-P）含量在53.50%-82.73%之间;EPS的TP含量在34.87%-56.91%之间,说明除磷颗粒污泥中EPS对磷的去除具有积极作用。     

有机磷农药对不同生物来源的胆碱酯酶选择性抑制的研究

用酶电极法研究了有机磷农药对３种不同生物来源的乙酰胆碱酯酶的选择性抑制,发现敌敌畏对家蝇的ＡｃｈＥ抑制最强,电鳐次之,鸡肝阳弱,同时研究了５种农药对电鳐ＡｃｈＥ的选择性抑制能力,发现９．８×１０＾－８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的辛硫磷即可抑制其活性的１０％。     

Ni-ACF催化H_2O_2氧化降解碱性品红废水

以活性炭纤维为载体,Ni2+,Mn2+,Zn2+和Fe2+的硝酸盐为活性组分,采用浸渍法制备了4种负载型催化剂,并以H2O2为氧化剂,碱性品红为目标污染物,用催化湿式氧化法,探讨了催化剂用量、H2O2投加量、染料初始浓度、反应溶液p H值、反应时间和催化剂重复使用等因素对碱性品红脱色效果的影响。结果表明,Ni-ACF较其它催化剂有较好的活性,染料的初始质量浓度为100 mg/L,Ni-ACF的用量为3.2 g/L、H2O2的投加量为20 m L/L、p H值为5.4(原液)时,反应4 h后碱性品红的脱色率达97.7%。催化剂重复使用活性良好,连续使用4次,脱色率仍可达62.5%。     

飞灰热处理过程中基本特性研究

对不同粒径飞灰中重金属的分布情况进行了研究，并采用高温熔融管式电炉试验装置，对垃圾焚烧飞灰进行了高温热处理研究，探讨了热处理过程中飞灰减重率和重金属挥发率的变化规律，并对飞灰热处理后的收集物进行XRD实验。结果表明，Cd和Pb在小粒径飞灰中含量较高，Zn和Cu的分布与飞灰的粒径分布相似，Cr富集于相对较大粒径的飞灰中。热处理过程中，1150℃和1350℃时飞灰减重率增长快，而在650～1050℃之间减重率增长缓慢，仅从8％增加至17％。飞灰中重金属经热处理后，挥发率依次为Pb〉Cd〉Cu〉Zn。XRD实验结果表明，Pb主要以双金属氯化物（KPb2Cl5）形式挥发。     

碳源种类对同步脱氮除磷颗粒污泥除磷性能的影响

以厌氧/好氧交替运行培养的具有脱氮除磷功能的颗粒污泥为对象,研究不同碳源条件下对除磷特性的影响。研究结果显示,醋酸钠为单一碳源培养的颗粒污泥呈淡黄色,粒径分布较均匀,主要为双球菌和短杆菌,磷平均去除率为84.77%,厌氧末端释磷量平均为89.76 mg/L,最大释磷和吸磷速率分别为106.33mg/(g·h)和50.92 mg/(g·h);乙酸钠葡萄糖为复合碳源培养的颗粒污泥呈白色和淡黄色,粒径分布不均匀,主要为单球菌,磷平均去除率为93.06%,厌氧末端释磷量平均为75.52 mg/L,最大释磷和吸磷速率分别为92.84 mg/(g·h)和28.23 mg/(g·h),两种碳源条件下表现出良好的除磷能力。     

Sources and characteristics of fine particles over the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea using online single particle aerosol mass spectrometer

Marine aerosols over the East China Seas are heavily polluted by continental sources. During the Chinese Comprehensive Ocean Experiment in November 2012, size and mass spectra of individual atmospheric particles in the size range from 0.2 to 2.0 μm were measured on board by a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer(SPAMS). The average hourly particle number(PN)was around 4560 ± 3240 in the South Yellow Sea(SYS), 2900 ± 3970 in the North Yellow Sea(NYS), and 1700 ± 2220 in the Bohai Sea(BS). PN in NYS and BS varied greatly over 3 orders of magnitude, while that in SYS varied slightly. The size distributions were fitted with two log-normal modes. Accumulation mode dominated in NYS and BS, especially during episodic periods. Coarse mode particles played an important role in SYS. Particles were classified using an adaptive resonance theory based neural network algorithm(ART-2a). Six particle types were identified with secondary-containing, aged sea-salt, soot-like, biomass burning, fresh sea-salt,and lead-containing particles accounting for 32%, 21%, 18%, 16%, 4%, and 3% of total PN,respectively. Aerosols in BS were relatively enriched in particles from anthropogenic sources compared to SYS, probably due to emissions from more developed upwind regions and indicating stronger influence of continental outflow on marine environment. Variation of source types depended mainly on origins of transported air masses. This study examined rapid changes in PN, size distribution and source types of fine particles in marine atmospheres. It also demonstrated the effectiveness of high-time-resolution source apportionment by ART-2a.     

食物垃圾和废纸联合厌氧消化产甲烷

以食物垃圾和废纸为原料,通过批式中温(35℃)联合厌氧消化产甲烷实验,考察了原料比例(以VS计为:100:0、83:17和62:38)和酸化阶段pH(未调节和调节pH=7.2)对消化稳定性及消化性能的影响.实验结果表明,与单独利用食物垃圾以及未调节酸化阶段pH的厌氧消化相比,调节酸化阶段pH=7.2的食物垃圾与废纸联合厌氧消化能够避免挥发性脂肪酸抑制、保证消化稳定性并提高消化性能.在调节酸化阶段pH为7.2,且食物垃圾和废纸的原料比例为83:17和62:38的2组厌氧消化实验中,产甲烷稳定时液相pH稳定在7.4～8.0,液相产物中总VFA浓度稳定在500～900 mg·L-1,其中丙酸浓度为100～550 mg·L-1,未检测出乙醇;累积产甲烷量(以VS计算)分别为347和247 mL·g-1,生物气中的甲烷含量稳定在70%～80%.最高可达81.6%;以1gVS相当于1.1g COD进行计算,COD去除率分别为93.2%和80.5%,用于产甲烷的COD分别占总进料COD的90.0%和64.0%.食物垃圾和废纸的最佳中温厌氧消化产甲烷条件为:原料比例83:17,酸化阶段调节pH=7.2.