广州白云国际机场航空垃圾焚烧处理方案探讨

垃圾焚烧技术可以实现垃圾的无害化、资源化以及减量化的目的,因其有明显的环境、社会和经济效益而受到广泛关注。简述了广州白云国际机场航空垃圾的成分及排放量,并结合航空垃圾焚烧处理经验,对焚烧技术在航空垃圾处理处置措施中应用的可行性进行简要分析。     

闽江河口芦苇和短叶茳芏空间扩展对湿地植物-土壤系统氮分布及转运特征的影响

选取闽江河口鳝鱼滩芦苇湿地、短叶茳芏湿地及二者空间扩展过程中形成的交错带湿地为研究对象,探讨了空间扩展影响下湿地植物-土壤系统氮分布、转运特征及其影响因素.结果表明,空间扩展影响下交错带湿地土壤氮含量发生了较大改变,其全氮（TN）、铵态氮（NH₄⁺-N）含量相比芦苇湿地分别降低了15.52%和6.08%,但相比短叶茳芏湿地分别增加了20.61%和4.33%;其硝态氮（NO₃^--N）含量相比芦苇湿地及短叶茳芏湿地分别降低了5.79%和13.84%.空间扩展主要通过改变植物生态特征、土壤EC及其颗粒组成而对湿地土壤氮的空间分布产生影响.空间扩展影响下湿地植物不同器官的TN含量亦发生了明显变化.相对于空间扩展前的纯群落,空间扩展后交错带芦苇和交错带短叶茳芏各器官的TN含量均明显增加;同时,在空间扩展后的交错带群落中,短叶茳芏各器官的TN含量均高于芦苇,前者主要与交错带植被对悬浮颗粒物拦截作用增强从而导致更多养分输入有关,后者主要与交错带短叶茳芏和芦苇对氮养分吸收与转运能力的差异有关.研究发现,相较于 短叶茳芏,空间扩展过程中的芦苇无论在氮养分吸收利用还是在向地上转运氮养分方面均处于明显优势,而这可能是导致短叶茳芏生态空间逐步被芦苇占据的一个重要因素.     

一株石油降解菌的紫外诱变育种及其生物修复作用

采用紫外线对一株Kosakonia sp.石油降解菌(S-1)进行紫外诱变育种。在照射功率15 W,波长为253.7 nm的条件下,确定最适诱变时间为140 s,此时正突变率最高。分离选育出一株遗传稳定的突变优势菌Y-16,与出发菌S-1相比,石油降解率提高了22.64%,且在pH值为5~9范围内,Y-16降油率均超过50%,对pH值的适应范围更广,在高浓度盐环境中有更好的耐盐性。经过60 d石油污染土壤的生物修复模拟试验发现,Y-16和S-1的最终石油降解率分别为91.83%和69.58%,其中降解36 d时,Y-16的降油率已达到71.19%,Y-16对石油的降解半衰期是S-1的0.4倍,降解周期更短,生物修复效果更好。     

某癌症高发区水中多环芳烃测定及其风险评价

在某癌症高发区选取5个镇中的10个村进行布点,分别在2010年6月和12月采集丰水期和枯水期水样,采用固相萃取与气相色谱-质谱联用方法对深层地下水、浅层地下水以及地表水中的多环芳烃（PAHs）进行测定.检测结果表明,深层地下水在丰、枯水期时PAHs总量分别为4058.29—9613.53 ng.L-1和72.78—809.00 ng.L-1.浅层地下水丰、枯水期PAHs总量分别为2205.84—24621.20 ng.L-1和82.88—601.95 ng.L-1.地表水丰、枯水期PAHs的总量分别为2747.44—33532.90 ng.L-1和127.78—321.04 ng.L-1.丰水期萘含量较高是造成PAHs总量在丰水期远高于枯水期的主要原因.10个水样中苯并（a）芘超标（GB5749—2006）,最大超标8.42倍.采用优化的USEPA风险评价模型,对PAHs进行人体健康风险评价,其致癌风险水平在2×10-8—1.28×10-5之间,部分水样致癌风险超过10-6的水质监控值.     

不同气候生态条件下水稻品种产量、功能性成分含量及稳定性

培育高γ-氨基丁酸和抗性淀粉的水稻品种,并明确其适宜的生态条件是水稻功能性育种和栽培的重要环节之一.选用云南和浙江近期育成的水稻Oryza sativa L.粳籼品种(系)21个,按粳籼品种(系)分组后分别在云南粳籼稻区10个点种植,比较研究不同生态条件其产量、γ-氨基丁酸和抗性淀粉含量变异及稳定性.结果表明:供试11个粳稻品种(系)产量的平均值为8 485.0kg/hm2,变化幅度为4 129.8～10 159.2 kg/hm2,其中以HIPjl最低.10个籼稻品种(系)产量变化范围在380.1～7 995.6 kg/hm2,其中以W229最低.滇农S-1/毫梅、滇农S-1/滇靖8号、功米6号、文稻1号/IR36和RS21属于高产而稳定性较好的品种.粳稻平均GABA的含量在108.7～157.1 mg·kg-1之间,平均值为128.9 mg·kg-1;其抗性淀粉含量在0.48%～0.73%之间,平均值为0.62%.籼稻品种的平均GABA含量在86.1～186.9 mg·kg-1之间,平均值为133.04 mg·kg-1,变异系数范围为2.33%～19.75%;其平均抗性淀粉含量为0.18%～2.52%,平均值为0.85%.其中滇农S-1/毫梅、功米6号、银光、HIPil和文稻2号/IR36属于高GABA而稳定性较好的品种.滇农S-1/毫梅、65-36/云粳136、功米6号、RS21和滇屯502/双籼稻属于高RS而稳定性较好的品种.不同气候生态条件下参试品种的GABA和RS的变异,籼稻大于粳稻.     

低磷胁迫下大麦磷高效基因型的筛选

为获得大麦（Hordeumv ulgare Linn.）磷高效育种的材料,分别在土壤有效磷质量分数为1.32和36.6mg·kg-1的条件下,对180个大麦品种进行磷高效材料的筛选和鉴定研究。结果发现,不同品种中磷高效差异很大;中国大麦茎干重和地上重极显著高于美国大麦（P=0.000）;裸大麦（H.vulgare var.nudum）有效穗、分蘖数和茎干重极显著高于皮大麦（H.oldeum vulgateL.）;多棱大麦（Hordeum vulgareL.）分蘖数、茎干重和地上干重极显著高于二棱大麦（Hordeum distichon L.）。磷效率用耐低磷力和品种适应性来描述,用籽粒产量计算耐低磷力,云啤1号（122.3%,231.43%）、Z050P004Q（109.81%,214.40%）和YS500（101.08%,566.14%）等是供试样品中磷高效较高的品种。该实验结果为云南地区进一步选育磷高效的大麦品种提供了材料。     

光照对焦化废水植物毒性的影响

利用植物毒性试验的方法,研究了不同光照条件下,焦化废水对黍和黄瓜种子发芽率,根长,根重,芽重的影响。结果表明,在光条件下用焦化废水对植物进行培养,其毒性较在黑暗培养明显增强,将焦化废水在同样的光照条件下进行预处理后,其荧光光谱发生变化。     

Electroconductive RGO-MXene membranes with wettability-regulated channels: improved water permeability and electro-enhanced rejection performance

● Electroconductive RGO-MXene membranes were fabricated. ● Wettable membrane channels were established between RGO and MXene nanosheets. ● Hydrophilic MXene reduces the resistance of water entering the membrane channels. ● Water permeance of RGO-MXene membrane is 16.8 times higher than that of RGO membrane. ● Electro-assistance can enhance the dye rejection performance of RGO-MXene membrane. Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) membranes are theoretically more conducive to the rapid transport of water molecules in their channels compared with graphene oxide (GO) membranes, as they have fewer oxygen-containing functional groups and more non-oxidized regions. However, the weak hydrophilicity of RGO membranes inhibits water entry into their channels, resulting in their low water permeability. In this work, we constructed wettable RGO-MXene channels by intercalating hydrophilic MXene nanosheets into the RGO membrane for improving the water permeance. The RGO-MXene composite membrane exhibits high pure water permeance of 62.1 L/(m²·h·bar), approximately 16.8 times that of the RGO membrane (3.7 L/(m²·h·bar)). Wettability test results and molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the improved water permeance results from the enhanced wettability of RGO-MXene membrane and increased rate of water molecules entering the RGO-MXene channels. Benefiting from good conductivity, the RGO-MXene membrane with electro-assistance exhibits significantly increased rejection rates for negatively charged dyes (from 56.0% at 0 V to 91.4% at 2.0 V for Orange G) without decreasing the permeate flux, which could be attributed to enhanced electrostatic repulsion under electro-assistance.     

Fe-Cu/N共掺杂的ZIFs衍生材料活化过硫酸盐降解四环素

通过水热法制备了一种Fe、Cu双金属和N共掺杂的介孔催化材料FeCu-N-C,对其进行表征分析;开展FeCu-N-C活化过硫酸盐(PS)降解四环素(TC)的研究,考察了 FeCu-N-C投加量、TC浓度、PS浓度、pH和离子强度等因素对降解效果的影响.结果表明:在催化剂投加量为0.4g·L-1,TC初始浓度为40mg·...     

China’s Grain for Green policy and farm dynamics: simulating household land-use responses

Analyzing the interaction between environmental policies and farmers’ responses to them is an important dimension to understand regional agro-ecosystem sustainability. We examine land-use outcomes of perhaps the largest government-planned rural reforestation program in the history of humankind, China’s “Grain for Green” (GFG) policy from 1999 to 2006. Specifically, we simulate household responses to the GFG policy in Western China’s Shaanxi Province, a region experiencing acute climate and land change-related environmental degradation. We develop a “farmer group decision-making model” to simulate the probability of land-use change. Elevation, slope, and farm household characteristics emerge as key factors influencing farmers’ land-use decisions and subsequent land-use patterns. Land reversion and abandonment in the study area have been significantly affected by the GFG program. Policy recommendations suggest potential avenues to enhance the effectiveness of the GFG program and to improve the efficient use of under-used farmland. Results may help inform the Chinese government as it crafts policy guiding a coupled rural migration and reforestation program of unprecedented scale.