Exploring volatility of carbon price in European Union due to COVID-19 pandemic

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The European Union (EU) Emissions Trading System is the most important means for the EU to achieve carbon neutrality, but it has been severely...     

提高LIFAC法脱硫效率的工程实例

针对LIFAC法脱硫效率低的问题，从吸收剂的涡流循环喷钙装置、增强吸收剂的活性、抑制脱硫产物硫酸钙的高温分解等几个方面进行了剖析，并自制LIFAC法廉价喷钙剂，在佛山华丰纸业有限公司进行中试，取得了脱硫率平均90％以上的效果，最后，作者对该技术的优越性进行了评估。     

重金属-多氯联苯复合污染土壤同步洗脱

电子垃圾拆解区土壤具有重金属与有机物复合污染的特性,尤其以Cu、Pb、Cd和多氯联苯(PCBs)的复合污染较为突出。为了同步脱除土壤中重金属与PCBs,选用增溶物质:Tween 80、TX-100、SDBS、β-环糊精与螯合剂柠檬酸依次组合进行复合污染土壤淋洗实验,应用批量平衡震荡法研究它们对重金属(Cu、Pb、Cd)与PCBs(Aroclor 1254)的洗脱效果。通过比较洗脱效果、环境友好性等方面,得出非离子表面活性剂Tween 80与天然螯合剂柠檬酸2种淋洗剂复合最佳;进一步研究两者的淋洗先后顺序、浓度配比、洗脱时间及淋洗剂pH对污染土壤洗脱效果的影响,结果表明,在Tween 80和柠檬酸均为10 g/L、pH=6、淋洗时间12 h时淋洗效果达到最佳,对Cu、Pb、Cd及PCBs的洗脱率分别达到98.77%、55.92%、66.82%和58.01%。因此,利用Tween80和柠檬酸组合可同时有效去除土壤重金属和PCBs,是复合污染土壤淋洗修复的有效淋洗剂。     

苯酚标准贮备液稳定性实验

实验表明，苯酚标准贮备液放置一年后是稳定的，经统计检验无显著差异。     

FeOOH对采矿废水中重金属的吸附

为了开发出吸附容量更大且制备过程更简便的新型重金属吸附剂,仅以三价铁化合物为原料,采用水热法一步合成羟基氧化铁,并用于矿山废水中铜、铁、锌、锰四种重金属的吸附分离。结果表明,在投加量为0.4 g·L-1、原水pH为1.50的情况下,合成的羟基氧化铁吸附剂对废水中重金属的总吸附容量为41.67 mg·g-1,其中铜、铁、锌、锰的吸附容量分别为6.17、19.55、2.22、2.53 mg·g-1。与羧甲基纤维素、活性炭、氧化铁相比,羟基氧化铁吸附剂在较低pH下仍然具有较高的吸附容量,无需事先投加碱性药剂,更适于吸附分离采矿废水中的重金属。     

阴极硝化耦合阳极反硝化实现微生物燃料电池技术脱氮

微生物燃料电池(MFC)是一种将废水中化学能转化为电能的技术,近年来被证实可以用来同步脱氮。目前,NH4+-N的硝化与反硝化多是在MFC阴极室进行,其存在曝气条件下反硝化菌难以富集的问题,造成反硝化速度慢。为解决上述问题,本研究旨在构建一种基于阴离子交换膜的(AEM)MFC,即AEM-MFC,使阴极好氧硝化过程产生的NO2-与NO3-能通过阴离子交换膜迁移至厌氧阳极室,并在厌氧阳极室发生还原,使得反硝化不需在好氧阴极室进行。结果表明,当阴极投加200 mg/L NH4+-N时,AEM-MFC能在66 h完全去除总氮,而同样条件下基于阳离子交换膜(CEM)的MFC,即CEM-MFC,则需要26 d达到相同的脱氮效果。在阴极室投加不同浓度NH4+-N(从50到500 mg/L)条件下,AEM-MFC连续运行7个月,其产电与脱氮效果稳定。相比于传统生物脱氮方法,AEM-MFC不需要在运行过程中在加入酸或碱调节pH,所需COD/N较少,并能够同时回收电能。     

Associations between co-exposure to multiple metals and renal function: a cross-sectional study in Guangxi,China

The association between co-exposure to multiple metals and renal function is poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate the individual and joint effects of metal exposure on renal function in this study. We performed a cross-sectional study including 5828 participants in Guangxi, China, in 2019. Urine concentrations of 17 metals were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Logistic regression model and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were applied to investigate the association of individual metal exposure with renal dysfunction. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were used to assess the co-exposure effects of the metals. Participants with the highest quartile of urinary Cu were at 1.84-fold (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20–2.87) increased risk of renal dysfunction compared with the lowest quartile. The highest quartiles of urinary Sr, Cs, V, Ba, and Se were associated with 0.27-fold (95% CI: 0.17–0.43), 0.33 (95% CI: 0.19–0.53), 0.41 (95% CI: 0.25–0.65), 0.58 (95% CI: 0.36–0.90), and 0.33 (95% CI: 0.19–0.56) decreased risk of renal dysfunction compared with their lowest quartile, respectively. Furthermore, urinary Ba and Cu were non-linearly correlated with renal dysfunction. The WQS analysis showed that mixed metal exposure was inversely associated with renal dysfunction (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.35–0.62), and Sr accounted for the largest weight (52.2%), followed by Cs (32.3%) in the association. Moreover, we observed a potential interaction between Cu, Cs, and Ba for renal dysfunction in BKMR model. Exposure to Se, Sr, Cs, V, and Ba is associated with decreased risk of renal dysfunction, whereas an increased risk is associated with Cu exposure. Co-exposure to these metals is negatively associated with renal dysfunction, and Sr and Cs are the main contributors to the associations.

     

三相鼓泡塔生物反应器培养黄孢原毛平革菌合成木素过氧化物酶系

利用三相鼓泡塔反应器固定化培养黄孢原毛平革菌，可以高效地合成木素过氧化物酶系，固定化载体为聚氨酯泡沫塑料．实验表明，合成木素过氧化物酶和锰过氧化物酶的最佳通气量均是1．0vvm。在此通气量下，最大木素过氧化物酶的酶活达367U/L，最大锰过氧化物酶的酶活达4．72U／mL。在使用相同的培养基和固定化载体单位体积用量条件下，与摇瓶培养相比，酶活分别增大1倍和1．2倍．一定条件下，在三相鼓泡塔中可以进行重复间歇培养生产木素过氧化物酶，连续进行了5批培养，每批最大木素过氧化物酶的活力均在250U／L以上，最高酶活出现在第二批为480U／L，总培养时间达22d．图9参15     

石油污染土壤中芘高效降解菌群的筛选及降解特性研究

从长期受石油污染土壤中驯化筛选到能以芘为惟一碳源生长的混合菌群GP3,其主要由假单胞菌株GP3A(Pseudomonas sp.)和菌株GP3B(Pandoraea pnomenusa)组成.采用摇瓶振荡培养方法,研究了不同环境条件对混合菌GP3降解芘效能的影响.结果表明,在30℃,150 r/min振荡培养下,混合菌GP3对15 mg/L芘的7 d降解率为90.6%.混合菌GP3降解芘的最适宜温度为35℃,最佳pH值为6.2.加入低浓度葡萄糖(100 mg/L)或菲(10 mg/L)作为共代谢底物,均可提高GP3对芘的降解率.混合菌对芘的降解速率(PDR)与芘的初始浓度呈正相关.研究重金属离子胁迫下GP3对芘的降解时发现,10 ms/L Zn2 的存在对芘降解效能影响较小,Cu2 对芘的降解有抑制作用,Cd2 对混合菌GP3有很强的毒性.     

开封市幼儿园地表灰尘重金属积累及健康风险

在开封市采集31个幼儿园的地表灰尘样品,用火焰原子吸收分光光度法(F-AAS)分别测定其＞0.25 mm、0.25～0.15 mm、＜0.15 mm和多粒级混合样品的Pb、Zn、Cr、Cu和Ni含量,应用EF法和HI法探讨了灰尘重金属富集特征和针对幼儿的健康风险.结果表明:灰尘Pb、Zn、Ni、Cu和Cr平均含量分别为...