青海省近20年森林植被碳储量变化及其现状分析

基于林业生态功能和青海省森林资源清查数据,采用森林植被生物量换算因子连续函数法,系统估算与分析青海省森林植被碳储量、碳密度,研究其近20a碳储量变化并进行现状分析。结果表明:(1)青海省森林碳储量为11 182 642.22t,占同时期全国总碳储量的1.98%,青海省森林生态系统中面积占较大比重的中龄林,其碳储量尚未达到最大,有较大发展空间;(2)青海省近20a天然林类型中碳储量较大的前4种分别是:柏木(Cupressus funebris)、桦木(Betula)、杨树(Populus)、云杉(Picea asperata)天然林,表明这几种天然林在青海省森林植被中占有重要的地位,其集中分布对区域生态功能的发挥起主导作用;(3)所采用的碳储量估算方法尚存不足,在以后计算中应考虑根据不同林分类型的含碳量进行计算。     

我国茶叶主产区有机肥重金属含量现状

调查分析我国茶叶主产区有机肥重金属含量可以为有机肥的安全使用提供指导,从而保障茶园土壤和茶叶质量安全.对2017~2019年期间收集的茶园施用的有机肥样品中的重金属含量进行了分析,并对不同种类有机肥的施用风险进行了测算.结果表明,我国茶叶主产区有机肥中ω（As）、ω（Hg）、ω（Pb）、ω（Cd）、ω（Cr）、ω（Cu）、ω（Zn）和ω（Ni）的平均含量分别为4.60、0.22、27.1、0.78、27.9、58.3、250.1和16.3 mg ·kg^-1.依据NY/T 525-2021中的评价标准,采集的有机肥样品中As、Hg、Pb、Cd和Cr超标率分别为6.19%、1.33%、4.42%、4.42%和1.33%.从不同地区看,陕西、江苏、安徽、福建和广西的有机肥合格率100%,山东、浙江、湖北、四川、云南和广东的有机肥合格率在80%~90%,而江西茶园施用的有机肥合格率仅54.5%.从不同来源看,有机肥合格率在菜籽饼肥、大豆饼肥和猪粪肥中为100%,羊粪肥95.8%、牛粪肥91.7%、鸡粪肥90.7%、其它动物类有机肥87.2%、动植物混合源类有机肥82.4%、其它植物类有机肥65.2%、其它类有机肥63.6%.根据推荐施用量估算,施用猪粪肥、牛粪肥、鸡粪肥和羊粪肥的土壤重金属累积速率将远超施用菜籽饼肥和大豆饼肥,动物源有机肥是植物源有机肥平均累积速率的7~30倍.因此,茶园上施用有机肥,建议选用菜籽饼肥和大豆饼肥,另一方面,对风险较高地区应加强监测,以降低土壤和茶叶重金属累积风险.     

长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中有机污染物复合毒性与多环芳烃毒性贡献

本研究利用发光细菌急性毒性实验测定了长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中有机污染物的复合毒性,同时运用气相色谱-质谱联用仪测定了沉积物中16种美国环境保护局(United States Environmental Protection Agency, US EPA)规定的优先控制的多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs)的浓度。在此基础上,分析其时空分布特征及多环芳烃毒性贡献,并评估其环境风险。结果表明,2019年长江口及邻近海域表层沉积物中16种PAHs总浓度范围为32.84～283.47 ng·g^(-1);2020年浓度范围为66.93～132.64 ng·g(-1);2020年浓度范围为66.93～132.64 ng·g^(-1)。在空间分布上,2019年长江口表层沉积物中PAHs在靠近渔港的区域呈现较高浓度(S3=(283.47±29.94) ng·g(-1)。在空间分布上,2019年长江口表层沉积物中PAHs在靠近渔港的区域呈现较高浓度(S3=(283.47±29.94) ng·g^(-1)),而2020年在靠近舟山岛的区域呈现较高浓度(L6=(132.64±9.95) ng·g(-1)),而2020年在靠近舟山岛的区域呈现较高浓度(L6=(132.64±9.95) ng·g^(-1))。与2019年相比,2020年多环芳烃的平均浓度有所降低,且其细胞毒性量化指标——生物分析当量浓度(BEQ_(bio))的平均值(66.62 mg·kg(-1))。与2019年相比,2020年多环芳烃的平均浓度有所降低,且其细胞毒性量化指标——生物分析当量浓度(BEQ_(bio))的平均值(66.62 mg·kg^(-1))远低于2019年(128.20 mg·kg(-1))远低于2019年(128.20 mg·kg^(-1))。在长江口沉积物毒性当量浓度中PAHs所占比例较小,2019年和2020年由PAHs引起的细胞毒性的平均占比分别为4.46%和4.25%。该结果表明,检测到的PAHs仅能解释所观察到的复合毒性效应的一小部分,因此,还需要进一步对其他未检测的化学物质进行测试分析。     

Promotional effect of ZrO2 and WO3 on bimetallic Pt-Pd diesel oxidation catalyst

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Diesel oxidation catalysts Pt-Pd-(y)ZrO2-(z)WO3/CeZrOx-Al2O3 with total Pt & Pd loading of only 0.68 wt.% were prepared and investigated for...     

4-[1-Ethyl-1-methylhexy]-phenol induces apoptosis and interrupts Ca2+ homeostasis via ROS pathway in Sertoli TM4 cells

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Biological effect of an individual nonylphenol (NP) isomer extremely relies upon the side chain structure. This research was designed to evaluate the...     

Spatial spillover effects of urbanization on carbon emissions in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To achieve a win–win situation for both urbanization and carbon emissions reduction from a spatiotemporal perspective, we need to identify the...     

The trade-off between economic performance and environmental quality: does financial inclusion matter for emerging Asian economies?

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study examines the role of financial inclusion on the environment-economic performance in the top five Asian emerging economies. The data used...     

Visible-light-responsive photocatalytic inactivation of ofloxacin-resistant bacteria by rGO modified g-C3N4

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The visible light responsive graphitic nitride (g-C3N4) mediated photocatalysis has drawn extensive attention in water treatment field....     

An effective approach to improve ethanol productivity by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of rice straw

Fuel ethanol was produced using rice straw with the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) method. The influence of cellulose liquefaction pretreatment and Fe²⁺ quantity on ethanol productivity was investigated in detail. At the same time, the optimized conditions including fermentation temperature, Fe²⁺ amount, yeast inoculation quantity, and the inoculated cellulose enzyme dosage in the SSF process were systematically investigated by analyzing fuel ethanol yield. The result indicated that fuel ethanol yield was 0.319 g per gram rice straw by SSF approach when appropriate amount of Fe²⁺ was added into the reaction system. The optimal technology parameters were: fermenting temperature of 36°C, Fe²⁺ amount of 4 mg · g^?1, inoculating proportion of 20%, cellulose enzyme of 20 IU · g^?1, and Pachysolen tannophilu/saecharomyces cerevisiae of 1:2 ratio. The ethanol yield under the best conditions was larger than that of the control group. We hope that this research can facilitate to achieve large-scale comprehensive utilization for rice straw.     

预紧力对输电塔节点承载能力特性研究∗

为探讨风荷载作用下输电塔破坏机理,本文以实际输电塔体系为例,通过建立不同螺栓预紧力作用下输电塔节点精细化模型,用来进行输电塔的螺栓在实际工程中拧紧程度的模拟;提出了螺栓与输电塔各构件之间的非线性接触力模型,研究了风荷载作用下输电塔构件之间接触效应的精确模拟.结果 表明:随着预紧力的增大,斜材螺孔应力、节点板上相对位于斜材处螺孔应力和斜材螺栓应力逐渐增大,并基本呈线性变化;而主材螺孔应力、节点板上相对位于主材处螺孔应力和主材螺栓应力基本不变.可见随着外荷载加载比例逐渐增大,螺栓预紧力对节点承载力性能的影响逐渐减小.