Fractionation of butyltin species during sample extraction and preparation for analysis

Solvent extraction and evaporative concentration steps are often used in procedures for the measurement of butyltins in environmental samples. As part of a larger study utilizing radiolabeled butyltins, the loss and fractionation of butyltins during sample preparation was investigated. TBT, DBT, and MBT were extracted from acidified seawater by hexane with efficiencies of about 95–99, 50–60 and 11% respectively. In addition, losses of about 70% of DBT were found during evaporative concentration of hexane. A variety of sediment extraction procedures were tested and none were found to be highly efficient for total butyltin extraction.     

蔬菜样品的H_2SO_4-H_2O_2快速消化方法

本文报道了使用硫酸 -过氧化氢对蔬菜样品进行快速消化的方法。其消化时间比常规消化方法大为缩短。重金属元素镉、铬、铜、镍、锌含量测定的结果 ,与用常规消化方法 (硝酸 -高氯酸 )相吻合。     

政府必须具备绿色控制能力——访内蒙古自治区人大常委会副主任陈瑞清

现任内蒙古自治区人大常委会副主任的陈瑞清，是一位地地道道的北京人。1965年8月，他从北京中央民族学院历史系毕业，却选择了在内蒙古西部生态环境最恶劣的阿拉善盟当教师，之后又当过副旗长和副盟长，这样一干就是30年!也许正是这样一段艰苦的岁月，历练出他对生态环境保护的执着信念。1998年1月，陈瑞清由呼和浩特市副市长当选为内蒙古自治区人大常委会副主任，分管环境与资源保护的法治工作。新世纪以来，他多次呼吁生态建设产业化、经济发展生态化，循环经济实质上是生态经济，发展循环经济势在必行。[编者按]     

欧亚大陆东南缘大陆地壳基底研究与展望

本文从不同方面和断代论述了中国东南地区的基底杂岩时代、性质、构造环境、边界变质条件、地球物理场及其反映的构造格局、断裂体系、中生代火山活动的基底构造及类型分区。在此基础上提出了东南地区的构造划分及构造演化阶段和格局。并提出了不同类型的地体及其分类、大陆裂解、增生的新概念。     

基于ARCGIS的安徽省地震应急快速反应系统

地震给人类带来了严重的灾害,建立地震应急快速反应系统能够使人们快速响应地震,快速组织有效的救援行动.本文介绍了利用GIS技术计算地震的影响范围,对地震造成的灾害进行评估,同时给出相应的救援建议.     

跨越劳动合同终止日期的医疗期满后劳动合同不能自动终止

赵某于2002年9月应聘到甲公司工作,双方未签订劳动合同.2003年1月1日双方签订了为期1年的劳动合同,约定月工资为1700元,劳动合同终止时间为2003年12月31日.     

学分制在企业培训中的应用

学分制是在普通高等院校中应用比较普遍的一种教学制度，它的基本做法是：对每个专业的学生设定公共学位课、专业必修课和选修课，每修完、考过一门课程可获得2～4个学分，累积够一定学分，便可获得毕业证书，而不强制规定什么时间必须修什么课。与传统教学方式相比，学分制具有一些优势，如较大的灵活性、较强的激励性等，但同时也增加了管理的复杂性。     

Cytotoxicity and DNA damage of five organophosphorus pesticides mediated by oxidative stress in PC12 cells and protection by vitamin E

Previous studies have demonstrated that pesticides could induce cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in vivo and in vitro, and that oxidative stress may be an important factor involved. However, investigations comparing the capability of different organophosphorous (OP) compounds to induce cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress are limited. Hence, the aim of this paper was to access the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of five OPs or metabolites, Acephate (ACE), Methamidophos (MET), Chloramidophos (CHL), Malathion (MAT) and Malaoxon (MAO), and to clarify the role of oxidative stress, using PC12 cells. The results demonstrated that MET, MAT and MAO caused significant inhibition of cell viability and increased DNA damage in PC12 cells at 40 mg L^?1. MAO was more toxic than the other OPs. ACE, MET, MAT and MAO increased the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and decreased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) at 20 mg L^?1 and 40 mg L^?1 to different degrees. Pre-treatment with vitamin E(600 μM)caused a significant attenuation in the cytotoxic and genotoxic effect; pre-treatment reversed subsequent OP-induced elevation of peroxidation products and the decline of anti-oxidant enzyme activities. These results indicate that oxidative damage is likely to be an initiating event that contributes to the OP-induced cytotoxicity.     

模拟煤灰渣垂直潜流人工湿地的除磷性能分析

为确定煤灰渣作为垂直潜流人工湿地基质的可行性,通过静态吸附实验和煤灰渣去除生活污水中的磷素实验,表明煤灰渣对污水中磷素的吸附平衡时间较短,吸附速率较快.当温度降低时,煤灰渣的磷素吸附容量对吸附平衡浓度依赖性和吸附强度随之降低,最大理论吸附容量亦降低 83.10% .在处理0.5 m 3 /(m2·d)的生活污水中,煤灰渣对TP的平均去除率达86.03%,吸附方式包括物理吸附和化学吸附,同时得出煤灰渣最大磷素解析量占最大理论吸附容量的0.73%,在实际人工湿地应用中应注意磷素解析而形成的二次污染.     

Improvements of nano-SiO2 on sludge/fly ash mortar

Sewage sludge ash has been widely applied to cementitious materials. In this study, in order to determine effects of nano-SiO(2) additives on properties of sludge/fly ash mortar, different amounts of nano-SiO(2) were added to sludge/fly ash mortar specimens to investigate their physical properties and micro-structures. A water-binding ratio of 0.7 was assigned to the mix. Substitution amounts of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% of sludge/fly ash (1:1 ratio) were proposed. Moreover, 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% of nano-SiO(2) was added to the mix. Tests, including SEM and compressive strength, were carried out on mortar specimens cured at 3, 7, and 28 days. Results showed that sludge/fly ash can make the crystals of cement hydration product finer. Moreover, crystals increased after nano-SiO(2) was added. Hence, nano-SiO(2) can improve the effects of sludge/fly ash on the hydration of mortar. Further, due to the low pozzolanic reaction active index of sludge ash, early compressive strengths of sludge/fly ash mortar were decreased. Yet, nano-SiO(2) could help produce hydration crystals, which implies that the addition of nano-SiO(2) to mortar can improve the influence of sludge/fly ash on the development of the early strength of the mortar.