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排序方式: 共有2697条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
101.
Yusheng Wang Zhiguo Pei Xiaoquan Shan Guangcai Chen Jing Zhang Yaning Xie Lirong Zheng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(1):112-118
The mutual e ects of metal cations (Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+) and p-nitrophenol (NP) on their adsorption desorption behavior
onto wheat ash were studied. Results suggested that Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ diminished the adsorption and increased the desorption of
NP remarkably, while Cd2+ had no such e ect. In contrast, NP diminished the adsorption of Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ onto ash, however,
this suppression e ect depended on the initial concentrations of metal cations. NP had no e ect on Cd2+ adsorption on ash. Fourier
transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray absorption spectroscopic (XAS) studies suggested the following mechanisms responsible for the
metal suppression e ect on NP adsorption: (1) large hydrated Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ shells occupied the surface of ash and prevent
nonspecific adsorption of NP onto ash surface; (2) Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ may block the micropores of ash, resulting in decreased
adsorption of NP; (3) complexation of Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ was likely via carboxyl, hydroxylic and phenolic groups of wheat ash and
these same groups may also react with NP during adsorption. As a “soft acid”, Cd2+ is less e cient in the complexation of oxygencontaining
acid groups than Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+. Thus, Cd2+ had no e ect on the adsorption of NP on wheat ash. 相似文献
102.
This work was designed to explore the characteristics of photodegradation of herbicides in the copper-polluted water body. The
results showed that Cu(II) alone could induce a photo Fenton-like reaction to enhance the degradation of atrazine, in which hydroxyl
radical ( OH) was a main active species. Humic acids restrained atrazine degradation, nevertheless, when introducing Cu(II), the
photodegradation was accelerated, in which singlet oxygen (1O2) replaced OH acting as the prevailing species. A feasible mechanism
for the photochemical process was also proposed, which is helpful for better understanding the environmental photochemistry of
atrazine in the copper-polluted water. 相似文献
103.
羟基多溴联苯醚对鲤鱼急性毒性及定量结构活性关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
羟基多溴联苯醚是一类具有环境风险的新兴污染物,它们已经在众多环境介质甚至人体内广泛存在。参照GB/T13267-91标准方法,采用静态生物急性毒性试验,测定了6种羟基多溴联苯醚(2′-OH-BDE7、4′-OH-BDE17、2′-OH-BDE28、2′-OH-BDE68、4′-OH-BDE90和2′-OH-BDE123)对普通鲤鱼的急性毒性96 h-LC50值,分别为697、1 130、854、550、644和522 ng.mL-1。除4′-OH-BDE17为高毒物质外,其他5种OH-PBDEs均为剧毒物质,高溴代的2′-OH-BDE123毒性最大。选用OH-PBDEs的KOW参数及由MOPAC软件PM3算法计算出的16个量子化学参数(EHomo、qBr+、ELumo等)为描述符,运用一元线性回归分析分别研究了96 h-LC50与他们之间的相关关系。结果表明:lgKOW和ELumo与6种羟基多溴联苯醚的96 h-lg LC50表现出较好的相关性,复相关系数均大于0.96,根据方程得到的96 h-lg LC50预测值与实验值基本相同,进一步对环境中广泛检出的其它OH-PBDEs的96 h-LC50值也进行了预测。 相似文献
104.
105.
Pinpin Lu Xiaojian Zhang Chiqian Zhang Zhangbin Niu Shuguang Xie Chao Chen 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(2):323-331
This study investigated the bacterial regrowth in drinking water distribution systems receiving finished water from an advanced drinking water treatment plant in one city in southem China. Thirteen nodes in two water supply zones with different aged pipelines were selected to monitor water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), chloramine residual, assimilable organic carbon (AOC), and heterotrophic plate counts (HPC). Regression and principal component analyses indicated that HPC had a strong correlation with chloramine residual. Based on Chick-Watson's Law and the Monod equation, biostability curves under different conditions were developed to achieve the goal of HPC 100 CFU/mL. The biostability curves could interpret the scenario under various AOC concentrations and predict the required chloramine residual concentration under the condition of high AOC level. The simulation was also carded out to predict the scenario with a stricter HPC goal (≤50 CFU/mL) and determine the required chloramine residual. The biological regrowth control strategy was assessed using biostability curve analysis. The results indicated that maintaining high chloramine residual concentration was the most practical way to achieve the goal of HPC ≤ 100 CFU/mL. Biostability curves could be a very useful tool for biostability control in distribution systems. This work could provide some new insights towards biostability control in real distribution systems. 相似文献
106.
Photocatalytic ozonation of phenol and oxalic acid (OA) was conducted with a Ag^+/TiO2 catalyst and different pathways were found for the degradation of different compounds. Ag^+ greatly promoted the photocatalytic degradation of contaminants due to its role as an electron scavenger. It also accelerated the removal rate of OA in ozonation and the simultaneous process for its complex reaction with oxalate. Phenol could be degraded both in direct ozonation and photolysis, but the TOC removal rates were much higher in the simultaneous processes due to the oxidation of hydroxyl radicals resulting from synergetic effects. The sequence of photo-illumination and ozone exposure in the combined process showed quite different effects in phenol degradation and TOC removal. The synergetic effects in different combined processes were found to be highly related to the properties of the target pollutants. The color change of the solution and TEM result confirmed that Ag+ was easily reduced and deposited on the surface of Tit2 under photo-illumination, and dissolved again into solution in the presence of ozone. This simple cycle of enrichment and distribution of Ag^+ can greatly benefit the design of advanced oxidation processes, in which the sequences of ozone and photo-illumination can be varied according to the needs for catalyst recycling and the different properties of pollutants. 相似文献
107.
108.
109.
以苏州市餐厨垃圾管理为例,从资源化处理、市场化运营模式与政府监管的角度出发,通过理论与实践相结合,对中国餐厨废弃物资源化利用的特点和现状进行分析,借鉴国内外先进工艺及管理经验,结合中国实施餐厨废弃物资源化利用和无害化处理地区的实施情况,指出并剖析在餐厨废弃物资源化不同处理模式中存在的问题,提出了加强餐厨废弃物管理的建议方案和对策. 相似文献
110.
以乌鲁木齐市某集中供热锅炉污染物减排方案为例,通过建立脱硫除尘设施综合评价指标体系,运用层次分析法确定指标权重,利用模糊综合评判法分别对两种除尘设施情况下的环境效益、经济效益以及设施能耗、物耗等指标着手,进行综合评价,最终评选出较优实施方案.评选结果表明:袋式除尘+石灰石-石膏法脱硫除尘设施方案运用于该集中供热站综合效益较好,可有效实现污染物减排,为今后燃煤锅炉环保设施的评选提供一定的参考作用. 相似文献