一体化A/O生物膜反应器脱氮特性研究

采用新型的一体化A/O生物膜反应器,对生活污水进行脱氮处理实验.研究了溶解氧(DO)质量浓度对硝化和反硝化作用的影响,并对反应器的脱氮特性和降解机理进行了探讨.结果表明:DO对一体化A/O反应器脱氮影响较大,随着好氧区DO的增加,NH3-N和TN的去除率相应增加.当DO为2～4 mg/L时,发生同步硝化反硝化作用,NH...     

山东省流域水污染物综合排放标准

简要回顾了山东省水污染物排放标准体系建设的历程,重点分析了流域水污染物综合排放标准的特点,并对其实施绩效进行了简要评价,阐述了地方排放标准在促进"转方式、调结构",引导行业污染治理技术进步和环境质量改善等方面的作用,并给出了两点重要的启示。在落实科学发展观,推动"三个转变"的历史时期,地方排放标准是综合利用法律、经济、技术和必要的行政手段进行环境管理的有力抓手。     

邢台市畜禽粪尿污染现状分析及对策

利用统计资料和文献数据,结合国内外研究,确定邢台市畜禽粪尿资源的计算参数和计算方法,估算了邢台市畜禽粪尿产生量及其中的氮磷养分的含量、CODCr含量和单位耕地负荷量,并分地区提出畜禽养殖污染负荷警报值,为邢台市畜禽养殖污染防治提供科学依据与技术支持。     

CO3O4/介孔分子筛催化剂对苯催化完全氧化的研究

分别以介孔分子筛MCM-41、MCM-48、SBA-15为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备了氧化钴/介孔分子筛催化剂,利用N2吸附、X射线衍射、程序升温还原等技术对催化剂进行了表征,考察了Co3O4的负载量及载体的孔结构对催化剂完全催化氧化苯的性能的影响.结果表明,Co3O4的负载量为20%时,催化剂的催化活性最好;载体的孔径和催化剂的可还原性能是影响催化活性的主要因素,催化剂活性顺序为Co3O4/SBA-15>Co3O4/MCM-41>Co3O4/MCM-48.     

灭菌预处理污泥及其滤液产氢发酵的比较研究

剩余污泥中的固态物质包含大量的蛋白质和多聚糖等有机质,一直被认为是一种具有潜力的生物制氢原料。灭菌预处理的剩余污泥会释放出大量的有机质,真空抽滤后去除掉污泥中固态物质得到滤液。将预处理污泥与滤液分别作为底物,接种产氢菌Pseudomonas sp. GZ1后产氢发酵。测定2种不同底物发酵反应过程中氢气的产量,以及底物的变化（SCOD、可溶性蛋白质、总糖、pH值）。实验结果表明,利用预处理后的污泥滤液作为底物能够有效提高氢气产量。滤液发酵的产氢量达到了4.44 mg H₂/g COD,比预处理污泥直接发酵提高了近3.3倍。本实验证明污泥中的固态物质在发酵过程中能释放出更多的营养物质,但实际上并不能被产氢菌有效地利用产生更多的氢气,并对其原因进行了探讨。     

水热条件下碳酰肼分解二噁英的研究

研究了保温温度为245、260℃水热条件下使用碳酰肼分解垃圾焚烧飞灰中二噁英的分解效果.结果表明,在高温水热条件下使用碳酰肼作为添加剂有利于二噁英的分解;在245、260℃下保温1 h,二噁英的分解率分别达到80%和90%以上,但二噁英毒性当量因2,3,7,8-TCDD的再生成减小很少,甚至增大;同时,在水热条件下,垃圾焚烧飞灰中的重金属取得了良好的稳定效果.     

人工湿地在冬季低温地区的应用研究进展

人工湿地运行效果受季节、温度等因素影响较大,在冬季低温地区运行效率下降,特别是N、P污染物去除率偏低,限制了其在冬季低温地区的推广应用.结合目前国内外人工湿地在冬季低温地区的应用情况,分析了影响人工湿地低温运行的因素,并对提高人工湿地在冬季低温地区运行效率的各种强化措施进行了总结.     

一体式光催化－膜分离三相流化床反应器膜污染特性

通过利用颗粒状 TiO2催化剂(平均粒径0.258/μm)对酸性红 B 模拟废水的催化降解实验,对一体式光催化氧化-膜分离三相流化床反应器的膜污染特性进行了研究.结果表明,TiO2是造成膜污染的主要污染物,且 TiO2浓度愈大,膜污染愈严重;本实验体系TiO2的适宜浓度为 2g/L.反应区曝气量在 3.6m3/h 时膜污染最小;膜组件底部曝气装置可大大减轻膜污染,且其曝气量以 0.6 m3/h 为宜.表面冲洗、气体反冲洗和碱洗均可有效地清除膜表面和膜孔内的污染物,使膜通量恢复至90%以上;"表面冲洗 碱洗"和"表面冲洗 碱洗 气体反冲"可进一步提高膜通量的恢复,但不十分明显.     

Coexisting sediments and suspended particles change the sorption of lindane and ciprofloxacin in waters

The real behavior of water organic contaminants such as pesticides and pharmaceuticals is not well known because research experiments usually simplify the conditions by studying the sorption of a pure compound on a single solid. However, in natural waters, biofilms, suspended particles, and sediments are solid substances that coexist, and thus may change the contaminant fate. Therefore, we studied here the sorption of lindane and ciprofloxacin by three single-solid and three double-solid sorbents using batch experiments. We also compared the effect of dissolved organic matter (DOM) between single- and double-solid sorption systems. Results show that the sorption quantity of lindane to the double-solid system of suspended particles and sediments is lower, of 0.99 L/g, than the sum of sorption quantity in the single-solid system, of 1.39 L/g. The sorption quantity of ciprofloxacin is higher, of 2.70 L/g, than the sum of sorption quantity in the single-solid system, of 1.90 L/g. These findings are explained by changes in DOM that suppress or promote sorption. To our best knowledge, this is the first study to present evidence that coexisting river solids modify lindane and ciprofloxacin sorption.     

Enhanced heterogeneous Fenton-like activity by Cu-doped BiFeO<Subscript>3</Subscript> perovskite for degradation of organic pollutants

Heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction has been extensively investigated to eliminate refractory organic contaminants in wastewater, but it usually shows low catalytic performance due to difficulty in reduction from Fe(III) to Fe(II). In this study, enhanced catalytic efficiency was obtained by employing Cu-doped BiFeO₃ as heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysts, which exhibited higher catalytic performance toward the activation of H₂O₂ for phenol degradation than un-doped BiFeO₃. BiFe_0.8Cu_0.2O₃ displayed the best performance, which yielded 91% removal of phenol (10 mg L^–1) in 120 min. The pseudo first-order kinetic rate constant of phenol degradation in BiFe_0.8Cu_0.2O₃ catalyzed heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction was 5 times higher than those of traditional heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysts, such as Fe₃O₄ and goethite. The phenol degradation efficiency could still reach 83% after 4 cycles, which implied the good stability of BiFe_0.8Cu_0.2O₃. The high catalytic activity of BiFe_0.8Cu_0.2O₃ was attributed to the fact that the doping Cu into BiFeO₃ could promote the generation of Fe(II) in the catalyst and then facilitate the activation of H₂O₂ to degrade the organic pollutants.

Open image in new window