洛阳市地下水资源与节水管理信息系统的建设

论述节水管理信息系统的计算机机体系结构,功能设置,实验及发展,系统共有供水管理,用水管理,节水管理,信息管理,报表管理,人事管理,收费管理和办公文档管理８个子系统,具有先进实用,处理功能强,图形完善,操作简易,易于扩展等特点。     

汽车排放污染物浓度的预测

为了预测汽车排放污染物的浓度,应用简化的高斯烟团模式得到静风条件下的线源扩散预测模式。并结合高斯烟流扩散模式,建立了预测汽车污染物在任意风向下和年平均浓度的预测模式,考虑车道上存在车辆行驶的强烈机械扰动湍流和把繁忙的公路视为线源两个因素,提出了计算初始扩散参数的方法。然后,运用Turner和Pasquill扩散参数,建立了线源扩散参数的确定方法。该模式应用于预测高速公路沿途汽车污染物的浓度表明,计算值与监测值吻合较好,可用于我国公路环境影响的评价。     

关于厌氧流化床稳态机理模型和参数估计模型的推理性研究

本研究采用化繁为简的模型图式、质量平衡原理和实验中的经验数据进行了厌氧流化床消化有机废液过程稳态机理模型的推理,继而对机理模型作了线性化处理,得到厌氧流化床运行的稳态参数估计模型。这些模型可用于厌氧流化床运行的在线控制,具有理论和实用价值。     

岩石边坡稳定性的可靠性理论评价研究

本文撇开了传统的整体刚性极限平衡法和条分法等安全每当法评价边坡的稳定性，采用可靠性理论对边坡稳定性进行评价，实践证明它是一种更符合工程实际的新方法。     

高盐度污水生物处理技术研究

广西涠洲石油终端处理厂污水Cl 浓度在 110 0 0～ 12 0 0 0mg L ,平均为 113480mg L ,CODCr约为 15 0～ 4 0 0mg L ,属高盐度污水。通过对微生物进行驯化 ,仍可以用生化法处理。研究表明 :单一的厌氧生化法和好氧生化法处理污水均不能达标 ,而厌氧 好氧联合处理效果良好 ,出水水质稳定 ,出水CODCr为 14～ 6 7mg L ,可达到国家污水排放一级标准     

电化学法直接快速测定COD初步研究

对一种全新的方法—电化学法测定COD进行了初步研究。制备出析氧超电位很大的铂基α PbO2 和 β PbO2 双镀层电极 ,并用以电解产生羟基自由基直接氧化废水中有机物。在本研究确定的条件下 ,COD标液在 0～ 30 0mg L呈良好的线性关系 ,一次测定仅需 30s。     

酸化模型及其在确定酸沉降临界负荷中的应用

简述了国外近１０年来在酸沉降影响研究中,为预测酸沉降对土壤、地表水、地下水和湖泊的长期影响而开发的各种酸化模型,经比较分析,归纳出建立这此匠基本方法及应用于确定酸沉降临界负葆的基本原理。     

Land-cover changes in an urban lake watershed in a mega-city, Central China

Urbanization can exert a profound influence on land covers and landscape characteristics. In this study, we characterize the impact of urbanization on land cover and lacustrine landscape and their consequences in a large urban lake watershed, Donghu Lake watershed (the largest urban lake in China), Central China, by using Landsat TM satellite images of three periods of 1987, 1993 and 1999 and ground-based information. We grouped the land covers into six categories: water body, vegetable land, forested land, shrub-grass land, open area and urban land, and calculated patch-related landscape indices to analyze the effects of urbanization on landscape features. We overlaid the land cover maps of the three periods to track the land cover change processes. The results indicated that urban land continuously expanded from 9.1% of the total watershed area in 1987, to 19.4% in 1993, and to 29.6% in 1999. The vegetable land increased from 7.0% in 1987, 11.9% in 1993, to 13.9% in 1999 to sustain the demands of vegetable for increased urban population. Concurrently, continuous reduction of other land cover types occurred between 1987 and 1999: water body decreased from 30.4% to 23.8%, and forested land from 33.6% to 24.3%. We found that the expansion of urban land has at least in part caused a decrease in relatively wild habitats, such as urban forest and lake water area. These alterations had resulted in significant negative environmental consequences, including decline of lakes, deterioration of water and air quality, and loss of biodiversity.     

加强环境统计工作的若干思考

分析了中国石油天然气集团公司环境统计工作管理现状,从指标体系、指标关注点等方面与国际大石油公司对比,并结合其自身发展历程、现状及特点,指出了中国石油天然气集团公司环境统计管理工作中存在的主要问题,对此进行了阐述,并据此提出了加强中国石油天然气集团公司环境统计管理工作的若干建议。     

Optimisation of MSW collection routes for minimum fuel consumption using 3D GIS modelling

Collection of municipal solid waste (MSW) may account for more than 70% of the total waste management budget, most of which is for fuel costs. It is therefore crucial to optimise the routing network used for waste collection and transportation. This paper proposes the use of geographical information systems (GIS) 3D route modelling software for waste collection and transportation, which adds one more degree of freedom to the system and allows driving routes to be optimised for minimum fuel consumption. The model takes into account the effects of road inclination and vehicle weight. It is applied to two different cases: routing waste collection vehicles in the city of Praia, the capital of Cape Verde, and routing the transport of waste from different municipalities of Santiago Island to an incineration plant. For the Praia city region, the 3D model that minimised fuel consumption yielded cost savings of 8% as compared with an approach that simply calculated the shortest 3D route. Remarkably, this was true despite the fact that the GIS-recommended fuel reduction route was actually 1.8% longer than the shortest possible travel distance. For the Santiago Island case, the difference was even more significant: a 12% fuel reduction for a similar total travel distance. These figures indicate the importance of considering both the relief of the terrain and fuel consumption in selecting a suitable cost function to optimise vehicle routing.