高压静电水处理技术的研究现状及其展望

高压静电场水处理技术是近几十年发展起来的、当今水处理领域中的一门高新技术。在此介绍了国内外高压静电场水处理机理和应用研究现状,并对今后高压静电场水处理技术研究提出几点展望。随着对高压静电场水处理机理研究的不断加强和完善。以及对高压静电水处理技术与其它水处理技术的联合水处理工艺研究的突破。高压静电场水处理技术有望成为一种极具应用前景的高效水处理技术。     

东西方灾难观的文化维度分析

灾难观是人类对灾害体系所持有的看法和态度,它随着人类社会的发展和进步处于不断的变化调整中,其整个过程构成文化的一个层面。本文从克拉克洪-斯托特柏克文化维度构架出发,选择"与环境的关系"和"人的本质"两个基点对比分析东西方文化灾难观的异同,对深刻理解各种文化在解释和应对灾难过程中的共性和相对性有着重要意义。     

乙烯装置裂解炉操作的危害分析及对策

分析识别乙烯装置裂解炉操作中的危害因素,制定了确保裂解炉安全运行的对策.     

Atmospheric mercury over the marine boundary layer observed during the third China Arctic Research Expedition

TGM measurements on board ships have proved to provide valuable complementary information to measurements by a ground based monitoring network. During the third China Arctic Research Expedition (from July 11 to September 24, 2008), TGM concentrations over the marine boundary layer along the cruise path were in-situ measured using an automatic mercury vapor analyzer. Here we firstly reported the results in Japan Sea, North Western Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea, where there are rare reports. The value ranged between 0.30 and 6.02 ng/m³ with an average of (1.52 ± 0.68) ng/m³, being slightly lower than the background value of Northern Hemisphere (1.7 ng/m³). Notably TGM showed considerably spatial and temporal variation. Geographically, the average value of TGM in Bering Sea was higher than those observed in Japan Sea and North Western Pacific Ocean. In the north of Japan Sea TGM levels were found to be lower than 0.5 ng/m³ during forward cruise and displayed obviously diurnal cycle, indicating potential oxidation of gaseous mercury in the atmosphere. The pronounced episode was recorded as well. Enhanced levels of TGM were observed in the coastal regions of southern Japan Sea during backward cruise due primarily to air masses transported from the adjacent mainland reflecting the contribution from anthropogenic sources. When ship returned back and passed through Kamchatka Peninsula TGM increased by the potential contamination from volcano emissions.     

Numerical prediction of radiative heat transfer in reciprocating superadiabatic combustion in porous media

A numerical study of Reciprocating Superadiabatic Combustion of Premixed gases in porous media (hereafter, referred to as RSCP) is performed. In this system the transient combustion of methane-air mixture is stabilized in a porous media combustor by periodically switching flow directions. The mass, momentum, energy and species conservation equations are solved using a two-dimensional control volume method. Local thermal non-equilibrium between the gas and the solid phases is considered by solving separate energy equations for the two phases and coupling them through a convective heat transfer coefficient. The porous media is assumed to emit, absorb and isotropically scatter radiation. The influences of the dominating operating parameters, such as filtration velocity, equivalence ratio and half cycle on the temperature profile, heat release rate, radiant flux, radiant efficiency and combustion efficiency are discussed. The results show that coupling calculating of flow field, combustion reaction and volume radiation of the optically thick media is successively achieved and heat radiation plays an important role in the overall performance of the burner. The temperature profile inside the RSCP combustor has a typical trapezoidal shape and the profile of radiation flux is similar to sinusoidal shape. Compared with the conventional premixed combustion in porous medium, combustion behavior in RSCP combustor is superior, such as better thermal structure and higher radiation efficiency and combustion efficiency.     

光助-Fenton法处理均酐生产废水的实验研究

采用光助－Fenton处理均苯四甲酸二酐生产废水。以废水的TOC去除率为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验,对影响光助－Fenton的因素进行分析。结果表明：室温下,在反应初始pH=3．5,[H2O2]=12mmol／L,[Fe^2＋]=1．5mmol／L,反应时间）4／80min,光源为500W汞灯的条件下,TOC的去除率NN达到76％。     

测定氟化物中制备无氟清洗水的简易方法

通过试验证明,一定浓度的KCl溶液滴加到去离子水中,对去除水中微量的F离子有良好效果。该方法简单易行,十分适合氟离子选择电极法测定中无氟水的制备。     

珠江口狮子洋海域表层沉积物重金属污染及其生态风险评价

采用污染指数法和生态风险指数法对珠江口狮子洋海域表层沉积物中Hg、Cu、Cd、Pb、As等污染要素进行分析和评价。结果表明:该海域的总体污染程度为低污染水平,污染程度由大到小依次为As>Cu>Pb>Hg>Cd;该海域的总体生态风险性为低,生态风险性由高到低依次为Hg>As>Cd>Cu>Pb,Hg为该海域的主要潜在生态风险因子。     

添加Fe2+和Co2+对牲畜粪便发酵产沼气的影响

以牛粪为发酵原料,研究了不同浓度的Fe2+和Co2+对沼气产量和产气周期的影响。结果表明,物料添加Fe2+和Co2+的浓度为1.2μg/L时均可达到沼气最大产量。物料中Fe2+的浓度为1.2μg/L时,沼气总产量为3 648.25 mL,最高产气可持续7 d,日平均产气量为148 mL;1.2μg/L的Co2+的沼气总产量为2 766.25 mL,最高产气可持续5 d,日平均产气量为132.8 mL。物料添加不同浓度Fe2+和Co2+可延长产气周期,但对沼气生产的启动时间、发酵前后物料的碳氮比及pH值均无影响。     

吹扫捕集-气相色谱法测定水中丙烯腈、丙烯醛

采用吹扫捕集-气相色谱测定水中丙烯腈、丙烯醛,优化试验条件。该方法具有较高的灵敏度、良好的线性、方法简便。丙烯腈检出限为0.002 mg/L;丙烯醛检出限为0.003 mg/L,标准样品测定的相对标准偏差为3.2%,实际样品的加标回收率为80.0%～110%。