Isolation,identification, and the degradation characteristics of a BDE-47 degrading strain北大核心CSCD

In an effort to remove BDE-47 residues from the environment, a bacterial strain that is capable of utilizing BDE-47 as the sole carbon source was isolated and screened from soil collected from an e-waste recycling area in Tianjin to analyze the degradation properties. The strain was preliminarily identified as Enterobacter sp. according to a 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. The strain degraded 35.8% of 525 μg/L of BDE-47 in 35 d when the initial concentration of bacteria was 7.1 × 105 cells/ mL. The product of the biodegradation of BDE-47 was BDE-28. The biodegradation of BDE-47 fit well with first-order kinetics, and its degradation kinetics was ln Ct = - 0.104t + 6.22. With the addition of an electron acceptor, such as Fe3+, SO4 2- and NO3 -, the BDE-47 degradation rate was significantly increased to 49.8%, 59.1%, and 67.3%, respectively. The above results revealed that the strain could degrade BDE-47, which is of importance in the application of environmental bioremediation of BDE-47. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Fine root decomposition and nutrient release in Toona sinensis plantation under the reconstruction mode of low-efficiency cypress forest gaps北大核心CSCD

Fine root decomposition is an important way in which nutrients are returned to plantation soil; thus, further study of this process will be helpful for understanding material cycling in forest ecosystems. We investigated a Toona sinensis plantation in the central Sichuan hilly region using litter bags containing T. sinensis fine roots to evaluate the dynamics of fine root decomposition and nutrient release for one year in forest gaps of 50 m2 (L1), 100 m2 (L2), and 150 m2 (L3). The results showed that T. sinensis fine root decomposition was fastest in the first 90 days. As time passed, the decomposition rate slowed. One year later, the residue rate was 75.44%, 73.92%, and 72.07%, respectively. The fine root decomposition rate of L3 was greater than that of L2, which was greater than that of L1. During fine root decomposition, the dynamics of the fine root nutrient concentrations changed. C, P, and K concentrations of the fine roots declined in forest gaps, while N, Ca, and Mg concentrations increased overall in the fine roots. In conclusion, forest gaps had effects on the fine root decomposition and nutrient release of T. sinensis, and different sized forest gaps produced different results. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Coexisting sediments and suspended particles change the sorption of lindane and ciprofloxacin in waters

The real behavior of water organic contaminants such as pesticides and pharmaceuticals is not well known because research experiments usually simplify the conditions by studying the sorption of a pure compound on a single solid. However, in natural waters, biofilms, suspended particles, and sediments are solid substances that coexist, and thus may change the contaminant fate. Therefore, we studied here the sorption of lindane and ciprofloxacin by three single-solid and three double-solid sorbents using batch experiments. We also compared the effect of dissolved organic matter (DOM) between single- and double-solid sorption systems. Results show that the sorption quantity of lindane to the double-solid system of suspended particles and sediments is lower, of 0.99 L/g, than the sum of sorption quantity in the single-solid system, of 1.39 L/g. The sorption quantity of ciprofloxacin is higher, of 2.70 L/g, than the sum of sorption quantity in the single-solid system, of 1.90 L/g. These findings are explained by changes in DOM that suppress or promote sorption. To our best knowledge, this is the first study to present evidence that coexisting river solids modify lindane and ciprofloxacin sorption.     

重金属污染场地土壤风险筛选值关键影响因子研究——以砷为例

合理确定重金属土壤筛选值是污染场地风险识别和调查评估的基础,过松或过严的标准都会增加风险评估的不确定性,甚至可能会导致风险管控措施失效或修复资金浪费,确定重金属土壤筛选值的关键影响因子是合理确定重金属土壤筛选值的前提。选择工业污染场地中检出频率高、毒性大的砷作为研究对象,通过假设工商业用地下的暴露情景,根据《污染场地风险评估技术导则》(HJ25.3—2014)得到砷筛选值计算公式,利用基于蒙特卡罗模拟的Crystal Ball模型计算公式中各参数对结果的敏感性和贡献率来确定关键影响因子,通过调研国内外砷筛选值现状,从计算模型、毒性评估及关键影响因子等方面对引起各国砷筛选值差异的原因进行了分析探讨。结果表明:工商业用地下土壤砷筛选值取值为0.84～175.7 mg·kg~(-1),均值为21.4 mg·kg~(-1),95%的置信上限为24.19 mg·kg~(-1);风险可接受水平、每日土壤摄入量(IR)、暴露频率(EF)和暴露周期(ED)对砷筛选值的贡献率依次为41.3%、-27.3%、-16.3%和-12.7%,其余因子的贡献率均小于1%;关键影响因子按贡献率绝对值从大到小分别为风险可接受水平、每日土壤摄入量(IR)、暴露频率(EF)、暴露周期(ED)。计算模型和毒性评估存在差异是国内外土壤砷筛选值差异的基础原因,当计算模型和毒性评估差异不大时,关键影响因子才是决定性因素,其影响程度与模拟计算的结果一致。建议我国完善筛选值计算模型,对砷的毒性效应和符合我国暴露人群特征的关键影响因子展开深入研究。     

Enhanced heterogeneous Fenton-like activity by Cu-doped BiFeO<Subscript>3</Subscript> perovskite for degradation of organic pollutants

Heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction has been extensively investigated to eliminate refractory organic contaminants in wastewater, but it usually shows low catalytic performance due to difficulty in reduction from Fe(III) to Fe(II). In this study, enhanced catalytic efficiency was obtained by employing Cu-doped BiFeO₃ as heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysts, which exhibited higher catalytic performance toward the activation of H₂O₂ for phenol degradation than un-doped BiFeO₃. BiFe_0.8Cu_0.2O₃ displayed the best performance, which yielded 91% removal of phenol (10 mg L^–1) in 120 min. The pseudo first-order kinetic rate constant of phenol degradation in BiFe_0.8Cu_0.2O₃ catalyzed heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction was 5 times higher than those of traditional heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysts, such as Fe₃O₄ and goethite. The phenol degradation efficiency could still reach 83% after 4 cycles, which implied the good stability of BiFe_0.8Cu_0.2O₃. The high catalytic activity of BiFe_0.8Cu_0.2O₃ was attributed to the fact that the doping Cu into BiFeO₃ could promote the generation of Fe(II) in the catalyst and then facilitate the activation of H₂O₂ to degrade the organic pollutants.

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Complexation of iron by salicylic acid and its effect on atrazine photodegradation in aqueous solution

The photodegradation of atrazine and the photochemical formation of Fe(II) and H₂O₂ in aqueous solutions containing salicylic acid and Fe(III) were studied under simulated sunlight irradiation. Atrazine photolysis followed first-order reaction kinetics, and the rate constant (k) corresponding to the solution of Fe(III)-salicylic acid complex (Fe(III)-SA) was only 0.0153 h^?1, roughly one eighth of the k observed in the Fe(III) alone solution (0.115 h^?1). Compared with Fe(III) solution, the presence of salicylic acid significantly enhanced the formation of Fe(II) but greatly decreased H₂O₂ generation, and their subsequent product, hydroxyl radical (˙OH), was much less, accounting for the low rate of atrazine photodegradation in Fe(III)-SA solution. The interaction of Fe(III) with salicylic acid was analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and UV-visible absorption, indicating that Fe(III)-salicylic acid complex could be formed by ligand exchange between the hydrogen ions in salicylic acid and Fe(III) ions.     

Clean Preparation Process of Chitosan Oligomers in Gly Series Ionic Liquids Homogeneous System

Chitosan oligomers because of its water solubility has some special physiological functions, such as binding lipid, affecting the mitogenic response, restraining the growth of tumors, and was widely used in cosmetics and health. H₂O₂/Gly (Glycine) series ionic liquids system, a new solvable-catalytic system, was an efficient clean process for preparation of chitosan oligomers. The effects of the anions of Gly series ionic liquids on the solubility and degradation for chitosan were investigated, and the results showed that [Gly]Cl aqueous solution was of good solubility and assistant degradation for chitosan. In additional, the mechanism for oxidative degradation of chitosan in ionic liquids (ILs) was studied. The effect on the property of chitosan oligomers catalyzed by H₂O₂, in two different kinds of solvents (HAc and [Gly]Cl) were compared. It was found that the performance of moisture absorption and retention of chitosan oligomers using ionic liquid aqueous solution as solvent was better than that using HAc aqueous solution as solvent, and even superior to that of hyaluronic acid. Furthermore, [Gly]Cl could be easily separated from the product and reused with only slight loss. It could provide an efficient and environmental friendly method for the preparation of chitosan oligomers in H₂O₂/ILs system.     

厌氧膜生物反应器处理高浓度食品废水的应用

采用由完全混合的厌氧生物反应器和板杠式超滤膜组成的膜生物反应器对高浓度食品放心水进行处理,考察了厌氧膜生物反应器的处理效果及其对负荷、水力停留时间等的稳定性,膜组件装填面积为０．６４ｍ＾２,膜材质为聚醚砚（ＰＥＳ）,膜截贸分子量为２００００。结果表明：ＣＯＤ负荷在２～３ｋｇ／（ｍ＾３．ｄ）时,膜出水ＣＯＤ去除率可达８０％～９０％,当ＣＯＤ负荷超过４．５ｋｇ（ｍ＾３．ｄ）时,混合液ＶＦＡ出现积累,Ｃ     

废旧轮胎热解过程的温度效应

通过废旧轮胎热解产物的分布研究该过程的温度效应,发现温度升高、燃料油产率增加,炭黑产率减少,即热解温度从４５０℃～５５０℃上升到６５０℃～７５０℃,燃料油产率从３３．１％～３５．４％增加到４３．２％～４５．１％,炭黑产率从４６．２％～４５．１％,炭黑产率从４６．２％～４９．２％下降为３５．１％～３７．１％,采用ＧＣ／ＭＳ分析燃料油,确定出其中仍１４０多个组分,整个油品中芳香烃化作物占了７５％以上,     

软煤层综放工作面注水防尘中的工艺问题

以现场注水试验和实验室实验结果为依据,分析并讨论了目前研究甚少而又对注水防尘实施,特别是在软煤层综放工作面实施很重要的工艺问题,提出了适宜的钻孔、封孔、润湿效果考察方法以及表面活性剂应用中的浓度选择、种类选择和应用的必要性评价方法