瓦里关山大气CO2及其δ13C本底变化

利用 1991— 2 0 0 1年期间实测资料 ,分析了瓦里关全球基准站大气CO2 及其δ13 C本底特征 ,并探讨了与源汇过程的关系 .结果表明 ,瓦里关大气CO2 及其δ13 C本底变化主要反映了北半球中高纬度大陆自然生态系统源汇的周期性季节特征 ,而海洋的作用相对较弱 ;大气CO2 及其δ13 C本底浓度范围与所处纬度带平均状况基本吻合 ,年平均值以及年际间涨落与全球水平的一致性反映出化石燃料燃烧等人为排放对大气圈的全球性影响 ;瓦里关站提供的主要温室气体本底观测资料 ,既能体现亚洲内陆地域特点又具有全球代表性 ,配合以其它相关资料 ,还可进一步揭示中国内陆高原大气CO2 及其δ13 C本底特征的成因 .     

青岛地区大气气溶胶海洋因子贡献研究

本文对青岛地区大气气溶胶海洋因子的贡献进行了分析研究，得出以下结构：（１）复季受海洋影响要比冬季明显得多；（２）就质量浓度而言，ＩＰ（ｉｎｈａｌａｂｌｅ ｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅ）中的海盐源要高于ＴＳＰ（ｔｏｔａｌ ｓｕｓｐｅｎｄｅｄ ｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｔｅｓ）；（３）海洋影响的程度和离海边的距离有关。离海逾远，受海洋影响就逾小；离海连逾近，受其影响就逾大；（４）ＩＰ冬季海盐源为２％－４％，夏季为１０％－     

南太平洋社会群岛塔希提岛(TAHITI)火山岩——一种典型的大洋岛屿玄武岩

塔希提岛火山岩属典型的大洋岛屿玄武岩(OIB)。该岛是法属波利尼西亚群岛中社会群岛链之一部分,火山活动可分三期:早期(1.7—1.3Ma),中期(1.3—0.6Ma)和晚期(0.6—0.3Ma)。早期火山岩兼有碱性和拉斑系列岩石,包括苦橄玄武岩、碱性玄武岩、拉斑玄武岩及少量玄武安山岩;中期火山岩主要有粗面玄武岩—粗面岩、碱性玄武岩和少量碧玄岩;晚期则以碧玄岩为主,并有部分碱玄岩出现。火山岩的这种岩性变化表明其岩浆由早到晚从富镁、硅弱不饱和向富碱和硅强烈不饱和演化。 社会群岛火山链的火山活动以平均11cm/a的速率从西北向东南迁移,与MORB相比,所有塔希提的岩石皆富大离子亲石元素并有较高的~(87)Sr/~(66)Sr比值,这一特征可能与其特殊的源区成分有关,即富集的地幔热柱或大洋岩石圈。早期岩石是地幔热柱和少量洋壳的部分熔融产物的混合体,故既有拉斑系列又有碱性系列。随着火山活动远离存在热柱的热点区域,洋壳部分熔融的程度逐渐降低,因而其产生的熔融体也越来越富碱,~(87)Sr/~(66)Sr比值也相应有所降低。     

Enhanced removal of high-As(Ⅲ) from Cl(-Ⅰ)-diluted SO4(-Ⅱ)-rich wastewater at pH 2.3 via mixed tooeleite and(Cl(-Ⅰ)-free) ferric arsenite hydroxychloride formation

An advanced cost-saving method of removal of high-As(Ⅲ) from SO₄(-Ⅱ)-rich metallurgi cal wastewater has been developed by diluting the SO₄(-Ⅱ) content with As(Ⅲ)-Cl(-Ⅰ)-rich metallurgical wastewater and then by the direct precipitation of As(Ⅲ) with Fe(Ⅲ) at pH2.3.As(Ⅲ) removal at various SO₄(-Ⅱ)/Cl(-Ⅰ) molar ratios and temperatures was investigated The results showed that 65.2–98.2%of As(III) immobilization into solids occurred at the SO₄(Ⅱ)/Cl(-Ⅰ) mo...     

Decomplexation of Cu-1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid by a three-dimensional electrolysis system with activated biochar as particle electrodes

The feasibility of decomplexation removal of typical contaminants in electroplating wastewater, complexed Cu(II) with 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (Cu-HEDP), was first performed by a three-dimensional electric reactor with activated biochar as particle electrodes. For the case of 50 mg/L Cu-HEDP, Cu(II) removal (90.7%) and PO initial pH 7, acid-treated almond shell biochar (AASB) addition 20 g/L, and reaction time 180 min, with second-order rate constants of 1.10 × 10⁻³ and 1.94 × 10⁻⁵ min⁻¹respectively. The growing chelating effect between Cu(II) and HEDP and the comprehensive actions of adsorptive accumulation, direct and indirect oxidation given by particle electrodes accounted for the enhanced removal of Cu-HEDP, even though the mineralization of HEDP was mainly dependent on anode oxidation. The performance attenuation of AASB particle electrodes was ascribed to the excessive consumption of oxygen-containing functionalities during the reaction, especially acidic carboxylic groups and quinones on particle electrodes, which decreased from 446.74 to 291.48 µmol/g, and 377.55 to 247.71 µmol/g, respectively. Based on the determination of adsorption behavior and indirect electrochemical oxidation mediated by in situ electrogenerated H₂O₂ and reactive oxygen species (e.g., •OH), a possible removal mechanism of Cu-HEDP by three-dimensional electrolysis was further proposed.     

汽油清净剂的研究应用及进展

随着环保要求的日趋严格及汽车工业的发展创新，开展汽油清净剂的研究和应用工作已势在必行。本文介绍了国内外汽油清净剂的发展过程、应用现状，同时还介绍了将清净分散剂、抗氧防腐剂、减磨剂、防锈剂等添加剂复合而成的汽油清净剂的研制情况。实验结果表明：该剂具有抑制和清除发动机燃燃油系统沉积物的性能，达到国外第三代同类产品的水平。     

Adsorptive removal of phosphate by the bimetallic hydroxide nanocomposites embedded in pomegranate peel

This study aimed to fabricate new and effective material for the efficiency of phosphate adsorption. Two types of adsorbent materials, the zirconium hydroxides embedded in pomegranate peel (Zr/Peel) and zirconium-lanthanum hydroxides embedded in pomegranate peel (Zr–La/Peel) were developed. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) were evaluated to give insight into the physicochemical properties of these adsorbents. Zr–La/Peel exceeded the adsorption efficiency of Zr/Peel adsorbents in batch adsorption experiments at the same pH level. The peel as a host can strive to have a strong “shielding effect” to increase the steadiness of the entrenched Zr and La elements. La and Zr are hydroxide metals that emit many hydrogen ions during the hydrolysis reaction, which contribute to protonation and electrostatic attraction. The highest adsorption capacity of La–Zr/Peel for phosphate was calculated to be 40.21 mg/g, and pseudo second-order equation is very well fitted for kinetic adsorption. Phosphate adsorption efficiency was reduced by an increase of pH. With the background of coexisting Cl^?, little effect on adsorption efficiency was observed, while adsorption capacities were reduced by almost 20–30% with the coexistence of ${{\text{SO}}_4}^{2?}$, ${{\text{NO}}_3}^{?}$ and humic acid (HA).     

长江,嘉陵江重庆城区段横向扩散系数

简要的回顾水流横向扩散系统的研究现状，介绍了三种用实验求算横向扩散系统的方法，并就嘉陵江的示踪剂扩散试验以及利用现有的扩散系数资源，推求非试验江段的扩散系数的计算式作了详细的叙述。     

AMS方法在大气气溶胶来源研究中的应用

在我国自己建立的加速器质谱计（ＡＭＳ）技术的基础上,利用＾１４Ｃ的特征的生物来源示踪性能,将ＡＭＳ技术运用于我国大气气溶胶来源的研究,我们建立了大气气溶胶采样－－石墨碳制备－ＡＭＳ测定的全部样品处理过程,对北京市中关村地区、东单地区在采暖期和非采暖期的气溶胶样品和湖南南岳、山东青岛的气溶胶及这些地区的地表土进行了ＡＭＳ测定,将多元统计方法与ＡＭＳ方法相结合,从中分析这些样品中微量元素组分和含碳 分     

长江,嘉陵江重庆城区段二维水质对流扩散数学模型

对二水质对流扩散数学模型的有限差分解作了较详细的叙述，同时对距离步长，时间步长计算，网络内水深，流速，横向扩散系数的求取也作了简要介绍。