功能可控型减隔震支座的研发与性能分析∗

为提升梁式桥的抗震性能,实现桥梁结构在地震作用下力学行为的可控性,基于减隔震设计原理,研发了一种功能可控型减隔震支座。通过数值模拟和模型试验研究了该支座的力学行为,结果表明:支座的滑动性能良好,摩擦行为稳定;剪力销力学行为可控,断后摩擦行为正常;环形钢阻尼元件滞回曲线饱满,耗能能力强;可控型支座整体力学行为稳定可控。最后以某3跨桥梁为例分析了可控型支座的减隔震效果,结果表明:合理选用可控型支座可以实现结构在地震作用下力学行为的可控性,使结构响应在力和位移之间取得较好的平衡,从而达到避免桥墩损伤破坏、防止落梁的目的。     

Development and case study of a science-based software platform to support policy making on air quality

This article describes the development and implementations of a novel software platform that supports real-time, science-based policy making on air quality through a user-friendly interface. The software, RSM-VAT, uses a response surface modeling (RSM) methodology and serves as a visualization and analysis tool (VAT) for three-dimensional air quality data obtained by atmospheric models. The software features a number of powerful and intuitive data visualization functions for illustrating the complex nonlinear relationship between emission reductions and air quality benefits. The case study of contiguous U.S. demonstrates that the enhanced RSM-VAT is capable of reproducing the air quality model results with Normalized Mean Bias < 2% and assisting in air quality policy making in near real time.     

黑龙江省大气污染防治思路研究

近年来,全国各地出现不同程度的雾霾天气,大气污染严重,黑龙江省部分城市大气也出现不同程度污染,本文通过分析导致大气污染的三个主要成因,即:气候条件不利于污染物扩散;煤炭消耗处于主导地位;机动车迅速发展.提出黑龙江省未来十年的大气污染防治思路和地区产业发展方向的几点建议,通过采取综合、系统的措施,完善大气污染治理制度和政策保障体系、建立分区管理、加强污染基础研究、发展绿色经济等多方面入手,冀希能够改善本省的空气质量.     

Activated carbon enhanced ozonation of oxalate attributed to HO. oxidation in bulk solution and surface oxidation： Effect of activated carbon dosage and pH

Ozonation of oxalate in aqueous phase was performed with a commercial activated carbon（AC）in this work. The effect of AC dosage and solution pH on the contribution of hydroxyl radicals（HOU） in bulk solution and oxidation on the AC surface to the removal of oxalate was studied. We found that the removal of oxalate was reduced by tert-butyl alcohol（tBA） with low dosages of AC,while it was hardly affected by tBA when the AC dosage was greater than 0.3 g/L. tBA also inhibited ozone decomposition when the AC dosage was no more than 0.05 g/L, but it did not work when the AC dosage was no less than 0.1 g/L. These observations indicate that HOUin bulk solution and oxidation on the AC surface both contribute to the removal of oxalate. HOU oxidation in bulk solution is significant when the dosage of AC is low, whereas surface oxidation is dominant when the dosage of AC is high. The oxalate removal decreased with increasing pH of the solution with an AC dosage of 0.5 g/L. The degradation of oxalate occurs mainly through surface oxidation in acid and neutral solution, but through HOUoxidation in basic bulk solution. A mechanism involving both HOUoxidation in bulk solution and surface oxidation was proposed for AC enhanced ozonation of oxalate.     

某城市污水处理厂污泥固化处理研究

课题依托哈尔滨某污水处理厂,通过建立L9(34)正交试验,选取水泥、石灰、煤灰掺入比例以及养护时间为主要影响因素,以固化块的抗压强度和COD浸出浓度为评价指标,得到各因素的影响度大小排序为:水泥养护天数石灰煤灰,优化固化条件为水泥掺入比例15%,石灰掺入比例2%,煤灰10%养护天数6 d。以此为基础进行延展实验,探讨以上因素对污泥固化效果的影响,获得最佳配方。     

重金属铅在线监测仪器性能对比研究

污染源在线监测仪器的准确性、实时性、连续性与污染源在线监测系统数据可靠性紧密相关。选取4个不同品牌的铅在线监测仪器,综合评价在线测定性能。结果表明,3种铅在线监测仪器的准确度小于10%,4种铅在线监测仪器的零点漂移、量程漂移、重复性误差均小于5%,定量下限小于0.05 mg/L,能较好地应用于铅的在线监测。     

掺杂过渡金属的TiO2/累托石复合材料的制备及其光催化性能研究

以累托石为载体,钛酸四丁酯和硝酸铜为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出了掺杂过渡金属铜的TiO2/累托石复合光催化材料,并对其进行了X射线衍射(XRD)和红外光谱(FT-IR)的表征.同时考察了复合材料在紫外光照下对对氯苯酚的光催化活性,研究了铜掺杂量和煅烧温度等因素对复合材料光催化活性的影响,探讨了过渡金属掺杂改性TiO2的机理及对氯苯酚的光催化降解机理.实验结果表明:在制备复合材料的过程中,累托石的层状结构遭到一定程度的破坏;复合材料中的TiO2主要是以大部分的锐钛矿型和小部分的金红石型的混合形态存在;负载累托石后复合材料的吸附性能明显增加,掺杂铜的TiO2/累托石复合材料的光催化活性要高于未掺杂铜的TiO2/累托石复合材料,并且当掺铜量为0.5%(质量分数),煅烧温度为500℃时,复合材料对对氯苯酚的光催化去除率达到最大;苯醌类物质可能是对氯苯酚光降解的中间产物.     

Effects of environmental factors on organochlorine pesticide residues in soils of the Guanting Reservoir area, China

Topsoil samples from 56 sites around the Guanting Reservoir, China, were measured for HCH and DDT concentrations. The total soil HCH content (including alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-isomers) in these soil samples ranged from 0 to 7.33 ng x g(-1), with a mean of 0.69 ng x g(-1). These levels were considerably lower than those of the total DDT soil contents (including pp'-DDE, pp'-DDD, op'-DDT, and pp'-DDT), which ranged from 0 to 76.01 ng x g(-1), with a mean of 9.46 ng x g(-1). DDT was also found to be the major pollutant in the soil samples, accounting for approximately 93% of the total organochlorine pesticide (OCP) contents. Several environmental factors including land use, soil texture, soil taxonomy, and microbial biomass were considered to be responsible for the OCP levels observed. The data provide some insight into the effects of environmental conditions such as soil formation, agricultural cultivation, nutrient enrichment, and other anthropogenic activities on the degradation of OCPs in soils. Although the OCP residues currently are below the maximum limits set for use on agricultural land in China, and only rarely would such levels pose significant ecological concern, OCPs are highly persistent in soil and bioaccumulative. The data provided in this study are considered crucial for reservoir remediation, especially since the Guanting Reservoir will serve as one of the main drinking water sources for Beijing in the foreseeable future.     

不同湿地植物凋落物对汞铊矿废弃物浸出酸性废水中重金属的吸附研究

研究了不同湿地植物(稻草(Oryza sativa L.)、风车草(Cyperus involucratus Rottb.)、芦竹(Arundo donax L.)、美人蕉(Canna indica L.)、水葱(Scirpus validus Vahl.)、香蒲(Typha orientalis C.Presl)和鸢...     

金属冶炼工艺重大危险因素分析及预防措施

从冶金企业金属冶炼生产的特点着手,通过统计近年来金属冶炼过程中发生的较大及以上的典型事故案例,分析金属冶炼过程中的重大危险因素及可能导致的事故后果,提出了相应的预防措施。