Effects of idle time on biological phosphorus removal by sequencing batch reactors

Three identical sequencing batch reactors （SBRs） were operated to investigate the effects of various idle times on the biological phosphorus （P） removal. The idle times were set to 3 hr （R1）, 10 hr （R2） and 17 hr （R3）. The results showed that the idle time of a SBR had potential impact on biological phosphorus removal, especially when the influent phosphorus concentration increased. The phosphorus removal efficiencies of the R2 and R3 systems declined dramatically compared with the stable R1 system, and the Prelease and P-uptake rates of the R3 system in particular decreased dramatically. The PCR-DGGE analysis showed that uncultured Pseudomonas sp. （GQ183242.1） and β-Proteobacteria （AY823971） were the dominant phosphorus removal bacteria for the R1 and R2 systems, while uncultured γ-Proteobacteria were the dominant phosphorus removal bacteria for the R3 system. Glycogen-accumulating organisms （GAOs）, such as uncultured Sphingomonas sp. （AM889077）, were found in the R2 and R3 systems. Overall, the R1 system was the most stable and exhibited the best phosphorus removal efficiency. It was found that although the idle time can be prolonged to allow the formation of intracellular polymers when the phosphorus concentration of the influent is low, systems with a long idle time can become unstable when the influent phosphorus concentration is increased.     

Characteristics of colloids and their affinity for heavy metals in road runoff with different traffic in Beijing,China

The characteristics of colloids in urban road runoff with different traffic in Beijing, China, such as concentration, particle size, chemical property, and affinity for heavy metals were determined. The concentration of colloids was high, and an evident first flush effect was found in the runoff of road with heavy traffic. A large portion of colloids were distributed in the range of 1–10 μm. Traffic activity, rainfall intensity, and time of sample collection would not change the size distribution of colloids in the road runoff. The chemical property of colloids in the road runoff would be influenced by the soil erosion nearby green space, causing the content of organic colloids was high. The correlation coefficient between the concentration of colloids in colloidal fractions and the concentration of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Fe, and Mn) in the road runoff with different traffic decreased with the same sequence from 0.02–0.2 μm, 0.2–0.45 μm, 0.45–1 μm, to 1–10 μm, suggesting that the heavy metals had stronger affinity for the colloids with small size. The concentration of Cu, Pb, and Zn exhibited significant correlations with the concentration of organic colloids in the road runoff. More aggregated spherical particles were found in the TEM image of the road runoff with heavy traffic. Zeta potentials and RMV data showed that the colloids with smaller size and the colloids in the road runoff with lighter traffic were much more stable.

     

厨房油烟气对人体健康的影响及防护设计

论述了厨房油烟气产生和原因及其在日常生活和秤产中对人体健康的影响，提出了除油烟气的方法，并且介绍了一种既除油又除噪的净化装置，这种装置在威望中应用取得了良好的效果。     

生态工业园保障体系的建设与完善

本文分析了目前生态工业因的保障体系建设存在的问题，从运行机制、政策法规、科学技术、人力资泺、意识能力培养五个方面，分析和探讨了生态工业园保障体系建设的具体内容，构建并完善了生态工业园建设的保障体系框架和内容，为生态工业园的建设提供了有效的保障和支撑。     

低温热水解对剩余污泥DOM的溶出特征分析

为了研究剩余污泥在低温热处理条件下的理化性质及溶出特征，采用批次试验探究了热处理温度对剩余污泥溶解性有机物（SCOD）、溶解性碳水化合物（SC）、溶解性蛋白质（SP）的溶出变化情况，分析了溶解性有机物质（DOM）荧光组分的平行因子分析模型特征.研究发现，随着热处理温度的升高，SCOD在80℃的破解度增幅最高，在90℃溶出量最大；SC在70℃时溶出率增幅最高，在90℃质量浓度最高；SP在60℃质量浓度最大；挥发性脂肪酸（VFAs）在60℃达到最大含量；液相色谱-有机碳测定仪（LC-OCD）分析表明，溶解性有机碳在90℃分子质量浓度最大，但生物聚合类物质的比例在80℃最高；三维荧光平行因子分析（PARAFAC）显示，剩余污泥热处理后的DOM均包含类蛋白质C1（282，324nm）、代谢类蛋白质C2（310，364nm）、可见腐殖酸C3（278/338/358nm，424nm）、土壤富里酸C4（270/318/354nm，476/524nm），对于热水解法预处理污泥，类蛋白质在80℃下具有最大荧光强度，代谢类蛋白质在60℃下具有最大荧光强度.在60min条件下，污泥中有机物溶出的最佳温度是80℃.     

Biopurification of industrial waste gas from rubber regeneration.

By using the biopurifying technology, the organic waste gas in low concentrations emitted from the rubber-regeneration process was purified in this research. The result of the 100-day continuous running test of the industrial test device indicated that the purification efficiency of toluene in the rubber-regeneration waste gas could be maintained at about 90% for a long period of time and the treated waste gas could meet the China National Emission Standard. The cost of waste gas biotreatment was about 0.12-0.14% of rubber-regeneration production value of the factory. The biopurifying technology of waste gas displayed its excellent technical advancement and economic rationale. The following industrialized device was run continuously and passed the examination and acceptance by the local EPA.     

聚乙烯微塑料对海洋微藻生长和卤代烃释放的影响

挥发性卤代烃（VHCs）是一类重要的痕量温室气体和臭氧破坏物质,在全球气候变化中发挥重要作用.微藻释放VHCs受海洋环境因素的影响.微塑料作为海洋中一种重要新型污染物其对海洋微藻释放VHCs的影响研究比较少见.基于小新月菱形藻（Nitzschia closterium f.minutissima）和东海原甲藻（Prorocentrum donghaiense）的室内单种培养实验,通过测定其藻细胞密度、最大光量子效率（F_v/F_m）、活性氧（ROS）和VHCs浓度,研究聚乙烯（PE）微塑料长期暴露对小新月菱形藻和东海原甲藻生长和VHCs释放的影响.结果表明,PE微塑料胁迫对小新月菱形藻生长主要表现抑制作用,而对东海原甲藻生长表现出促进作用.50 μm的PE微塑料的添加对小新月菱形藻和东海原甲藻的光合作用起到遮蔽作用,导致二者的F_v/F_m受到抑制,且其对东海原甲藻的抑制作用更显著.与对照组相比,PE微塑料胁迫刺激藻细胞的ROS产生量增加,引起小新月菱形藻和东海原甲藻的氧化应激反应,从而促进两种微藻3种溴代烃的释放.     

江苏省风险管控和修复名录地块污染特征分析及对策建议

根据《中华人民共和国土壤污染防治法》,建立并公开《江苏省建设用地土壤污染风险管控和修复名录》（以下简称“名录”）。对2020—2022中江苏省纳入名录的116个污染地块开展系统性分析,结果表明：纳入名录的污染地块数量和面积与地区经济发展水平有关,南京、无锡、常州和苏州排名前列;土水复合污染地块占53%,其中64%的地块地下水最大污染深度大于同一地块土壤最大污染深度;共统计到167种污染物,重金属、石油烃和多环芳烃最为常见,约50%的污染物不在我国现行建设用地土壤及地下水污染评价标准中;已完成修复并移出名录的31个地块中,17%的污染土壤和25%的污染地下水采用原位修复技术。提出了完善土壤环境质量标准体系,探索土水协同治理修复模式,推进土壤污染绿色低碳修复等针对性的对策建议,为促进土壤、地下水环境管理和污染防治行业科学发展提供参考依据。     

热/自然交变环境下玻璃纤维增强SiO2气凝胶复合材料模拟使役工况试验研究

目的 研究装备动力舱在热/自然交变环境下玻璃纤维增强SiO2气凝胶复合材料性能随模拟使役工况试验时间的退化规律,提升装备动力舱热/自然交变环境效应控制水平。方法 以玻璃纤维增强SiO2气凝胶复合材料为研究对象,以湿热、盐雾和高温试验为热/自然交变环境试验谱,以振动试验为加速因子,开展5个周期的实验室模拟使役工况加速试验,对比分析样件初始状态和每一个周期试验后的性能。结果 经模拟使役工况试验后,玻璃纤维增强SiO2气凝胶复合材料的颜色由白色逐渐变成黄色,SiO2气凝胶含量逐渐减少,纤维元素组成变化不明显,导热系数升高,隔热性能下降,且均在4周期模拟使役工况试验后出现明显变化。结论 玻璃纤维增强SiO2气凝胶复合材料经5个周期的模拟使役工况试验后,其常温导热系数仅为0.026 4 W/(m.K),热面温度为200 ℃时,冷面平均温度仅为68.5 ℃,热/自然交变温差为43.5 ℃,具有良好的环境适应性。     

端足类河蜾蠃蜚对原油的敏感性

溢油发生后,端足类生物迅速消失并显示出非常高的初始死亡率。为定量评估原油对端足类生物的毒性影响,本文开展了原油水溶性组分(WAF)和原油与分散剂混合的水溶性组分(CEWAF)对端足类生物河蜾蠃蜚(Corophium acherusicum)的急性毒性实验,并结合收集的原油对海洋生物的急性毒性数据,利用物种敏感性分布曲线(species sensitivity distribution,SSD)评价河蜾蠃蜚对原油的敏感性。结果表明：WAF和CEWAF的96 h半致死浓度(LC₅₀)分别为4.11 mg/L,0.85 mg/L;在WAF和CEWAF的SSD曲线中,河蜾蠃蜚的物种累积概率均低于30%。综上所述,端足类河蜾蠃蜚对原油敏感性较高。